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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 






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THIRD YCAR. 



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With Brief Sketches of the Leading Mercantile 
Firms in the City. 



GARY W. JONES. 



LUTHER SHELDON, 

DEALER IN 





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Mail 



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MOULDINGS, BKACKKTS, STAIlt KAILS, NEWELS, 




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BUILDERS' HA.RD'WARIS. 



AND 



BUILDING MATERIAL OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 



GENERAL AGENT FOR 



WADSWORTH, MARTINEZ & LONGMAN'S 

FUME FAIMTS, 

PREPARED FOR IIVIMEDIATE USE. 

THE BEST AND CHEAPEST PAINT IN THE 

MARKET. 



STUISTD FOR OATID OF COLORS. 




Jtjsi f dnnpl f nmi&^silf rmlf!?. 



GARY W. JON ES 



C. HALL WINDSOR, BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER, No. 5 BANK STREET. 

VIRGINIAN PRESSES, MAIN d: COMMERCE STS. 

1882. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1882, 

By Caey W. Jones, Norfolk, Va., 
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



NOTICE. 



In bringing before the public the third annual issue of "Norfolk as a 
Business Centre," the publisher takes advantage of the opportunity thus 
presented, of stating that the publication for 1882 will be found to com- 
pare favourably with those of previous years. Both of the former issues 
attained a degree of popularity almost unprecedented with works of like 
character, and their circulation was very large and unquestionably bene- 
fitted the city. In view of these facts the publisher intends this year, 
as heretofore, to distribute gratuituously throughout this country and 
Europe, fifteen hundred copies. The first edition was met by an instan- 
taneous and hearty recognition, which proved eventually to be but the 
precursor of the success which the second issue achieved, and which it is 
reasonable to expect will be even exceeded by that of the latest work. 

Our business men recognizing its high value as an advertising medium, 
and appreciating the fact that its interesting reading matter and illustra- 
tions can not fail to secure for it a large circulation, have always accorded 
it an unhesitating and cordial support, and the extent of their patronage 
this year speaks best for itself. 



NORFOLK. 



1582-1882. 



jlN making our third annual bow to the business public, we feel that 
we come no longer as a diffident stranger seeking success and the 
applause of an unknown audience, but that the establishment of Norfolk 
AS A Business Centre is an assured fact in whose glory we claim a 
share as in a measure, both its promoter and its result. In sketching 
Norfolk from its earliest times to the present we have little more to do, 
for the time prior to the year just past, than present a resume of the 
facts in our City's history so fully set forth in our earlier issues ; and, 
then give more in detail what has been done in the past twelve months 
towards realizing our sanguine predictions of her rapid development 
towards that brilliant consummation, so devoutly to be wished for, of 
our hopes and wishes. 

In 1582 Chesapik was a little Indian village situated on that beautiful 
arm of the sea, now known as Elizabeth River. There was little business 
doing here beyond the usual pursuits followed by the old men and 
squaws in the absence of the braves on their hunting, fishing or more 
war-like excursions. History represents the inhabitants of that region 
lying along the shores of the now called Elizabeth, down the line of the 
bay, past Lynnhaveu, and out round the Capes, as very fierce and fond 
of incursions into the territories of neighboring tribes, and to accompli sh 
this, it was necessary to provide transportation and this created a demand 
for boat building; and no more convenient spot could be found than 
the present site of that suburb of our city, Atlantic City, and right there 
commenced in a " pigmy way " an industry which will eventually be 
continued in the same locality on a gigantic scale. In 1584 a party of 
adventurous Englishmen, sent out under authority of good Queen Bess, 
by the gallant Raleigh, landed on Roanoke Island, now a part of North 
Carolina though then styled Virginia, and in one of tlieir wanderings 
came across this Indian village of " Chesapik " and having reported its 



6 NORFOLK A8 A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

favorable situation to the Motlier Country, Raleigh immediately divined 
the future of a town possessed of great natural advantages and gave 
his orders accordingly; but history fails to give us the details of the 
unsuccessful attempt to plant here the first English settlement. 

On the 8th of June, 1G80, one hundred and eighty-eight years after 
the discovery of America, and seventy-three after the settlement of 
Jamestown, an Act of Assembly was passed which authorized the pur- 
chase of fifty acres of land for the town of Norfolk. In 16G2, two hundred 
acres of the land now included in the city of Norfolk, belonged to Lewis 
Vandermull, who, that year, sold it to Nicholas Wise, Sr, a shipwright. 
The act for the purchase of this land was called "an Act for co-habi- 
tation and encouragement of trade and manufacture," and instructs that 
the price paid for " the land shalbe tenn thousand pounds of tobacco and 
caske, which sum the owner or owners thereof shalbe and are hereby con- 
strained to accept, take, and receive, as free and valuable jirice for the 
said land forever." This act assigned to any person who would build a 
dwelling and warehouse uj»on it, half an acre of said land in fee simj)le, 
on j>aynient to the country of one hundred pounds of tobacco and caske, 
the building to be com mejiced within three months after assignment. The 
act further required all produce of the colony to be brought to the ware- 
lionses established, one in each settlement under this act, for storage, sale 
or shipment, and the ])enalty for failure to comply with this act was a 
forfeiture of the products. The act also provided, that " all goods, wares, 
English servants, negroes, and other slaves and merchandise whatsoever 
that shalbe imported into this colony from and after the 29th of day Sep- 
tember, which shalbe in the yeare 1G81, shalbe landed on shore, bought 
and sould at such appointed [)laces aforesaid, and at noe other place what- 
soever, under like penalty and forfeiture thereof." Tobacco sent to these 
warehouses was exempt from all executions, attachments, &c. So im- 
portant was the establishment.of trade marts considered, that it was fur- 
ther provided that all who would "cohabitt, dwell and exercise their 
trades within the said appointed place," should be exempt from the arrest 
of their person or seizure of their property for debts previously contracted 
for five years, from the publication of this act. 

On the 16th of August, 1682, the site of the present city was selected 
in " Lower Norfolk County, on Nicholas Wise, his land, on Eastern 
Branch of the Elizabeth lliver, at the entrance of the branch," and pur- 
chased from Nicholas Wise, a carpenter of Elizabeth River Parish and 
son of Nicholas Wise above named. Wise very wisely reserving for him- 
self the site of his father's shipyard, which was identical with that of the 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTIilES AND TRADES. 7 

triuniplis of the aborigines in naval arcliitecture. This fact is somewhat 
tastefully portrved on the original seal of the old " Borrough of Norfolk, 
in the representation of a ship on stocks in the foreground just beyond 
the city limits. 




CUSTOM HOUSE. 

The advantages of the situation had attracted so many to the new 
settlement, that in October, 1705; Norfolk was by Act of Assembly 
established as a Town. The town of Norfolk continued to flonnsh until 
1736, when by royal charter under date of September 15th of that year 
it was made a Borough. The charter defined the duties of the Mayor, 
and other officials, and Samuel Boush was appointed Mayor Sir John 
Randolph, Recorder, and John Newton, Samuel Boush, Jr., John Hatch- 
ings, Robert Tucker, John Taylor, Samuel Smith, Jr., Jan.es Ivey and 
Alexander Campbell, were named Aldermen. When the Borough was 



8 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

incorporated, its northern boundry ran from the cove at Town Bridge, 
(now the intersection of Church and Charlotte streets), in a westerly- 
direction to the river, but in 1761 the limits were enlarged by an act of 
Assembly, so as to include " all the land south of a line running from the 
head of Newton's Creek, to the head of Smith's Creek." " In 1707 a 
new survey was ordered, and the line between the heads of the two creeks 
designated by stone landmarks." The jurisdiction of the city now extends 
over a space of about eight hundred acres. 

On January 20th, 1832, the Virginia Assembly passed an act granting 
the freeholders of Norfolk the " privilege of electing the Mayor of the 
Borough." 

On Februarv 13th, 1845, by act of Assembly, the charter of Norfolk 
was altered and it became a CITY. From this time the commercial 
prosperity of Norfolk dates. 

Norfolk, the first city and chief seaport of Tidewater Virginia, is 
situated in lat. 36° 50' 50'' N., long. 76° 18' 47" W., on the north side 
of an arm of the sea, called the Elizabeth River, and directly south of it 
on the opposite side of the river is the city of Portsmouth. But the port 
of Norfolk includes all the territory on both sides of the river, which em- 
braces the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth, the village ot Berkley at the 
confluence of the Southern and Eastern branches of the Elizabeth and 
the suburban villages of Brambleton and Atlantic City, lying respectively 
above and below the corporate limits of Norfolk City. Within this 
territory now live 50,000 people. 

Here we find a magnificent port with a channel approach of 28 feet 
water, thus open to vessels of the largest size and open too at all seasons, 
while it presents at all times a harbor safe, and free from prevailing epi- 
demics. Eight miles below the city at Seawell's Point, the river flows 
into Hampton Roads, which is unsurpassed, if not unequalled as a harbor 
in the World. 

The following is its official description as furnished by the U. S. 
Coast Survey : 

" Hampton Roadstead is formed by the confluence of the James, 
Nansemond and Elizabeth rivers, and is bounded on the north by Old 
Point Comfort and the Hampton shore to Newport's News ; on the east 
by a line drawn from Old Point Comfort Lighthouse to the Rip Raps, 
and continued to the west end of Willoughby bank ; on the south by 
Willoughby Bay and Seawell's Point Spit ; and on the southwest and 
west by a line drawn from Seawell's Point to Newport News Point. 
Between these limits the Roads are about four miles long, with a depth 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



from four to fifteen fathoms and excellent holding ground. At the eas- 
tern boundary the anchorage is three-quarters of a mile wide, and gradually 
widens towards the southwestward until abreast of the western end of 
Hampton Bar, where it is a mile and three-eights wide, between the lines 
of three fathoms." To realize to the full the capacity of this grand 
harbor for the world's shipping, we must not forget that the nautical 
mile referred to above 2,028 yards, or over 15 per cent, more than the 
statute mile. 

Beginning its existence as City, as we have said, in 1845, immediate 
prosperity seems to have attended its new state, as shown by the increase 
in the assessed value of Real Estate, the rapid growth of its trade and 




HarrlsoTjPo 

A * jOiroprifll 






the development of a spirit of enterprise, which soon launched the new 
city into a current of progress. At that time, its only avenue of commu- 
nication with the interior, besides its country roads, were the natural ones 
furnished by the waters tributary to the Chesapeake, and the Dismal 
Swamp Canal, connecting it with the Sounds of North Carolina and the 
rivers emptying into them. This Canal was opened in the year 1828, 
the United States Government and the State of Virginia being its largest 
stockholders, and for many years it has poured into the lap of Norfolk a 
large and renumerative trade in lumber and naval stores. Of recent 
years this Canal has been burdened by a large debt, and recently it was 
sold to satisfy the lien of the bondholders, and purchased at a very 
reasonable price by a company of wealthy citizens of Norfolk and others, 



10 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

who are makini^ all tiio improvements neeessarv to its successful and 
profitable working. Running as it does through one of the finest lumber 
regions in the world, and connecting with the Sounds of North Carolina, 
the business that will pass over it must be large and profitable to those 
who purchased it. 

In 1858, the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad was begun, and in 
1859 it was completed to Petersburg, where it met the Southside Road 
to I^ynehburg, and there connected with the Virginia and Tennessee 
Road to Bristol. A diversity of interests, prior to the late war, arising 
from a distinct and separate management kept them however from 
doing anything but a way business. 

It was in the present century that our city had reached a relative 
position as a port that has not yet been reached in her present palmy days 
of commercial success. The oldest inhabitant of to-day and many 
creditable witnesses who have but recently passed away, recalled with 
pride the time some seventy years ago when it was not only a possibility 
but an accomplished fact to walk from Norfolk to Portsmouth on the 
decks of vessels loading at our wharves. But Jefferson's embargo and 
other unfavorable legislation turned the tide of trade from our shores, 
and our commerce sickened and languished almost to death. 

Staves, lumber, sliingles and corn, from the swamps and fruit lands of 
the neighboring counties of North Carolina, found a market in Norfolk 
and helped to raise many of our citizens to wealth in domestic trade as 
the West Indies business did in the foreign. The Irish famine of 1847, 
drew upon our resources as a corn market and gave a lively spurt to our 
foreign commerce, which has only been rivalled by our more recent efforts 
in that direction ; and very large seemed those vessels to our eyes then 
a3 unloaded they loomed above our wharves, though doubtless they 
would appear but pigmies besides the monarchs of the sea that now bear 
full loads of cotton from our shores. 

In 1854 and the early part of 1855, our city gave every promise of 
taking a front rank in the march of progress. In the former year, that 
great improvement, which now has a most prominent place in our water 
front, the Boston Wharf, was begun by two of our most enterprising 
citizens, since gathered to their fathers. But in 1855 the prosperity of 
Norfolk received a serious check from the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 
that year, which, stopped for a time all business and carried off a large 
portion of our population, among them several of our most enterprising 
citizens, whose efforts for her prosperity have been as sadly missed since 
their loss, as they had been shown in her progress during their life. 



ITS PRrXCrPAL INDUSTRIES AND TllADRS. 



n 



Jlardly had our city recovered from the almost crushing effects of the 
Yellow Fever, when the war in 1861 again prostrated her commerce and 
closed her port. 

The Summer of '65, while it found active hostilities at an end, and 
our people once more gathered in their old homes, socking emjdoyment 
in such avocations as seemed most likely to yield a j>rovision for them- 
selves and families, came upon our city in a stateof comjtarative isolation 
from all her old connections. Her railroads were cut off from their termi- 
ni, while her lines of water transportation were principally new or in the 
hands of indifferent outsiders and used merely to earn the most nioney 
jiossible in carrying visitois to the late fields and scenes of war, or else 
in furnishing supj)lies for the surrounding country, still suffering from 
the exhaustion of war. 




1 li.n r ui i.,' AXI) THE JinxiTOK. 

^rom liutler'a 1'ii.turial History U. S. 



Monitor to tlie Left. Merrimac to tlip Riplit. 

The good people of the neighboring counties, lying on the North 
Carolina sounds, who had formerly sought in our city a market for their 
rich yield of corn, found the vast supplies of grain, which the new de- 
velopments of our "Iron Age" were bringing from the overflowing 
granaries of the fruitful West, precluded thought of rivaly and thprefore 
ceased to cultivate that product of their soil and began to feel the first 
symptoms of the cotton fever, which has revolutionized the agriculhire 
of that section of the old North State. 

In the year 1866 was seen the dawning of a brighter day for the com- 
mercial prospects of our city in the advent of direct trade i)etween 
our port and Europe, while our trade with the West Indies, which had 
once been not only large but a fruitful source of profit to our Norfolk 
merchants, was partiallly resumed. A review of our foreign trade for 
the fifteen years ending with the Winter 1880-81, the details of which 



12 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

we have not space to repeat in this volume, revealed the fact that its 
growth had been marked and considered as a whole, most favorable and 
yet by no means without fluctuations and in fact, in some of its branches 
this trade had shown a decided decline. The effort of importation had 
proved a failure, having subsided into a few cargoes of salt and an occa- 
sional one of fruit. 

The shipment of staves to the West Indies, a business conducted by 
three of our leading firms, which in 1875 had attained very respectable 
proportions, the exports that year being valued at $405,446 have year 
by year declined until those of the last year referred to show an aggre- 
gate value of $167,900, which is less than any year since 1866. This 
decline, however, we think, is owing to the decrease in the demand in 
the West Indies, and in consequence of a falling off in the yield and 
export of rum, sugar and molasses from these islands and Demerara, and 
also from the use of second-hand staves, as there is no other source from 
which they could derive such staves as our market has always afforded 
and for which it is justly celebrated. 

In 1875 our exports of grain (Indian Corn) were valued at $111,800 ; 
and showed a handsome increase in the two following years, reaching a 
climax in the latter of $246,426. In 1881 they amounted to only 
$144,247, which was a trifling advance, however, on their value for the 
preceding year. This is not a matter of wonder, however, when we 
consider the wonderful facilities for handling and loading grain at Balti- 
more, and remember that there is a centripetal force in trade which can 
be only overcome by some other and greater pressure brought to bear 
upon it. 

We miss, too, the advent of the immigrant direct to our shores, an 
advantage we enjoyed when the Allen Line, then calling at our port on 
their route from Liverpool to Baltimore, from May, 1872, to May, 1874, 
landed here 2,292 persons from the Old World, seeking homes in the 
New. With unusual facilities as a point for the distribution of immi- 
grants — for our means of transportation to the interior are unrivalled as 
to cheapness and unsurpassed as to comfort and dispatch — it seems but 
just that we should have our full share of the benefits of this incoming 
tide of immigration. These settlers are no pauper herd coming down 
upon us as the locusts of Egypt to devour the substance of our goodly 
land, or seeking to deprive our own people of employment. They all 
bring something and oftimes infuse new life and energy into a community, 
and are willing to take up just those burdens of life that our own people 
are unwilling to bear, or are just ready to lay down from exhaustion. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 13 

Even though our State has failed to make practical use of those means 
suggested <o her by which immigration to her borders might be induced 
and fostered, and consequently few may tarry just yet in Old Virginia, 
their passage through our city will be an advantage. For some trifle is 
sure to be dropped by the wayside, and the little left behind by each will 
soon come to aggregate the much. 




But while the decline in certain branches of trade seems discouraging, 
there is no denying that since the year 1873 our growth as a cotton port 
has not only been steady, but perfectly wonderful, and we stand to-day, 
according lo the statistics not only the third port in receipts of cotton 



14 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

(713,026 bales), but second onlj/ to New Orleans in direct shipment to 
Great Britain (316,046 bales), at the conclusion of the year 1881. 

In 1871 the tonnage required to carry our direct exports amounted to 
10,398, which has steadily increased, if we except the year 1877, until it 
reaches a very handsome figure for 1881. These figures, we think, 
exhibit most strikingly the tremendous increase in our foreign trade. 

The trans-atlantic shipment of timber and lumber has grown to be 
quite an item of our trade since 1877. Beginning in that year with a 
valuation of $47,709, the figures the year 1880 reached $84,37rj, 
with the trade just in a vigorous infancy, and destined to an enormous 
increase, by the active aid of those great feeders of trade that are busily 
at work bringing the products of the interior to the ships lying at our 
wharves, ready to carry them to foreign markets. From the same sources 
we have also obtained a trade in manganese ore, which, in its fifth year, 
has reached a valuation of $50,649. But despite this handsome 
exhibit of the tonnage required for our exports and the strong probability 
of a continued increase in the demand, there is a lack of symmetry in 
our foreign commerce. It needs some of the elements which would make 
it an established and permanent direct trade. Liverpool is the one grand 
centre to which, with but few exceptions, our whole commercial inter- 
course is tending. This we fear is an element of weakness and we long 
to see the day when the grand trans-atlantic line, with Norfolk and 
Flushing as the terminal points — the line pointed out by Maury — shall 
be an accomplished fact, and no pent up island, but the whole continent 
shall not only receive but reciprocate our shipments. We must also have 
a further development of the grain and timber trade, putting us in 
direct communication with other continental ports, and thus remedy this 
otherwise serious defect in our foreign commerce. 

We find this noteworthy and gratifying fact brought to light by 
examing our Norfolk cotton statistics for the first half year of the season 
1881-82, ending February 28th, that while the gross receipts show a 
falling off as compared with those for the same period of the previous 
year, it seems to be only the common experience of cotton ports and has 
not lost us our relative rank ; but the most pleasing feature is that the 
entire loss in the receipts of cotton is for through shipments coastwise, 
while there is a small increase, some 900 bales, in the receipts of cotton 
to be handled directly at this port. 

The foreign shipments, while short to this date nearly 5,000 bales, 
showed a larger comparative deficiency in the early part of the year and 
bid fair before its completion to exceed those of the past season, a most 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



15 



leo-itiniate result of our greatly improved facilities for handling and 
forwarding this staple, which will be more fully alluded to, when we come 
to give in detail the many improvements that the past twelve months 
have developed in our city. 

In a former edition, while paying a just tribute to our admirable Cot- 
ton Exchange; which, in the past year has added fresh laurels to a well- 
earned reputation, and done noble work in furthering the claims of our 
Virginia seaport as the gate to the highway of the seas for the cotton 
sisterhood of States, by the admirable and effective presentation of facts 
and figures to the assembled representatives to King Cotton's congress at 
Atlanta, last Winter, through her eloquent and able President sustained 
by an enterprising and public-spirited delegation of his confreres ; we 
urged the necessity of a more general combination of our business men 




RUINS OF THE OLD CHURCH AT JAMESTOWN. 

One mouldering tower, overgrown with ivy, shows 
Where first Virginia's Capital arose, 
And to the tourist's vision far withdrawn 
Stands like a sentry at the gates of dawn. 
The church has perished — faint tlie lines and dim 
Of those whose voices raised the choral hjanu ; 
Go read the record on the mossy stone, 
'Tis brief and sad--oblivion claims its own. 

Thompson's Virginia. 

from all the branches of trade and commerce, whose object and aim 
should be to practically present such a taking view of the advantages of 
Norfolk as a Grand Business Centre as would draw representative men, 
both buyers and sellers, from the British Isles and the Continent of 
P^urope, as well as from our Southern section, whose natural market we 



16 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

are, to come and establish a cosmopolitan entrepot here at Norfolk, more 
especially for the Southern Atlantic Coast. The port of New York, 
however large and enterprising, however vast may be its resources, 
is wholly incapable of doing the business ou its Atlantic Coast of this vast 
empire that now contains over 50,000,000 people, and extends from 
ocean to ocean, and trade will inevitably seek another outlet, so soon as 
the rising tide reaches its flood, bursts over the barriers that vainly at- 
tempt to check its progress and will flow in that channel and towards 
that point at which the most earnest efforts have been made to prepare a 
way for it. Now we congratulate our city that the primary steps were 
taken last February, and in the right direction, when a Business Ex- 
change was inaugurated ; but rightly believing that to win the coveted 
success strength and thorough organization were needed, a committee of 
thoroughly practical business men was appointed to confer with a like 
committee from the Cotton Exchange, for the organization of a Business 
Exchange as complete and thorough in all its departments as our present 
Exchange is in its specialty, from which we have every reason to hope 
in the near future, brilliant results in the more rapid advance of our city 
in all branches of business towards its ultimate rank as one of the 
beacon lights of commerce on our Atlantic front. 

We, of Virginia, like many people and all individuals who have a 
past, are fond of overhauling the musty records to find out what wonder- 
ful future is buried in the bosom of some deep, quiet lake, hidden in the 
recesses of some dark forest where the light of God's sun has scarcely 
penetrated or shall be brought forth by the noisy labor in its babblings 
of some mountain stream, seeking to loose itself in the impulse of instinct 
in some far-off vast ocean of whose very existence it is practically igno- 
rant, or shall spring forth from those bogs and marshes, at once mother 
and home to those phantom will-o-the-wisps that have led us all astray 
oftimes in our boyhood, according to the prophetic vision of some time- 
honored sage. To those who still listen to the syren-like songs of these 
old legends, it may be a pleasure to know that nearly one hundred years 
ago, one Thomas Jefferson, whose principles, now perhaps, are more 
honored in the breach than the observance, prophesied that " Norfolk 
will probably be the emporium for all the trade of the Chesapeake Bay 
and its waters, and a canal of eight or ten miles will bring to it all that 
of the Albemarle Sound and its waters." And chiming in with our 
sage as if to aid to bring about his prophecy, we find another from our 
neighboring state, to which Norfolk is so closely added by the ties of 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



17 



consanguinity as well as trade, advising her people in view of the unfit- 
ness of her south-eastern coast for cotninerce, to avoid it and throw their 
whole energy into agriculture and manufacture. 

It remained for one of our latter-day sages, eminently practical, though 
not so full perhaps of brilliant theories and glittering generalties, and 
who lives, we are happy to say to enjoy the fruits of his enterprise and 
skill ; and long may he live and long may the broad pennant of our genial 
Commodore wave o'er the barks that float on the brave waters he has 
done so much to keep in motion! to make the two cuts out of the old 
mothers — Virginia and Carolina — that should open the way to a closer 
and fuller commercial alliance between their children. In a word, the 




U. S. NAVAL HOSPITAL. 

Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal not only is and has been of inestimable 
value to our city as a great feeder of trade, but is likely to continue to 
increase in usefulness, destined as it is to become a link in that great chain 
of water communication, which binds the whole eastern front of our 
common country. 

With the same waters of our natural allies, the North Carolinians 
we are connected by an older water-way, now a nonagenarian ; for it 
was early in the nineties of the last century that this useful enterprise 
was begun; running right through the great Dismal 8wamp, with it- 
tangled juniper, from whence it took its name — "Dismal Swamp Canal.' 
It was one of our Norfolk pets for a long time and has had no little 



18 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

hand in a quiet way in adding to the wealth of many of our citizens 
and the general prosperity of our city. Uncle Sara was largely interested 
in it, too, at one time, having expended nearly $1,000,000 upon its 
enlargement and improvement. The matter of its construction and 
continuance being considered of such importance as to elicit both 
national and state aid. During the civil war this work was a great 
sufferer for having been used extensively by both Governments, Con- 
federate and United States, it was finally abandoned by the latter, 
when it had completed its mission for them, and left to its fate. The 
result, on the return of peace, was that in the then depleted condition of 
their finances, nothing could be done by the stockholders but to borrow 
money on the work, which was accordingly done and the Canal once 
more opened to navigation. Further pecuniary aid being required to 
raise it to a standard commensurate with the demands of a growing trade, 
appeals were made to the United States for assistance, which had be- 
come absolutely necessary to the prosperity of the work. Failing to 
receive it, a foreclosure of the mortgage bonds ensued resulting in the 
sale of the canal and its reorganization on a firm basis free from the 
trammels of Governmental control. The experience of the past year has 
fully shown the benefits of this change, and with an outlay of $50,000 
and under the management of a thoroughly practical and experienced 
superintendent, who gives his whole time and attention to the impor- 
tant work, the business and resources of the Dismal Swamp Canai has 
been quadrupled in the past year and it now bids fair to regain its ancient 
prestige and to realize all the brightest anticipations of its friends and pa- 
trons. One of our wealthiest and most liberal-minded citizens, seconded 
by a public-spirited directory, is President of the Company and ably 
and fully sustains the Superintendent in his efforts to make the Canal a 
public benefit. In this connection a first-class steam service has been 
introduced on the canal under the auspices of this company and is meeting 
with merited success. The depth of water in the Canal is now kept up 
above the standard minimum of its charter and will eventually be 
brought to that of the national standard for ship canals. 

Before passing from the water-ways, that aid to bring up the trade and 
commerce of our City, to the great iron roads that are fast driving it out 
of its selfish isolation — as the best fed city of America — it is butjustice to 
our position as a " City of Waters " as well as to the numerous excellent 
steam lines that ply to and from Norfolk to give at least a brief mention 
of each of them and their various connections. The line which perhaps 
is now taking the most conspicuous place from its connection with the 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES, 



19 



various Railroad companies that find a Seaboard terminus in our city 
and therefore claims first mention is the Old Dominion Steamship 
Company, which connects us with the great metropolis of our country — 
New York — and which for something over a decade has admirably met 
the demands of trade with its fine fleet of coastwise steamers, three times 
a week or oftcner when occasion required, besides numerous auxiliaries 
that ply the waters of the various streams, which flow into the Chesa- 
peake, and thus help to swell the great bulk of the products of the soil 
that find their market in our midst. This line already owns some fifteen 
steam vessels and in the month of March two fine steamers were launched 
at one of the great Philadelphia Shijiyards, which will further increase 




DI5« Il'LI.*^' I in UCil— FKEKMASdN STREET BKT. BANK AND BREWER. 

its ability to meet the demands of the public. In February last in con- 
sequence of the expiration of the contract with the Messrs. Clyde & Co., 
to leave the Old Dominion Steamship Company undisturbed on their 
route from New York to Norfolk and llichmond, the Norfolk and 
Western, the Seaboard and Roanoke and Chesapeake and Ohio Railroads 
formed a combination and purchased a controlling interest in this line, 
as a measure of self protection and in the interest of Norfolk's trade. 
For the present the same service will be continued and virtually under 
the same management — over which however through its directory these 
roads will in a measure exercise a control. It is proposed so soon as the 
Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad complete their extensive works at their 
deep water terminus — Newport News — to have a daily Hue from Norfolk 



20 NORFOI.K AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

via the News to New York, dispensing with the Richmond route, which 
has proved at times both inconvenient and expensive. 

The old '' Bay Line " continues to give us a daily passenger steamer 
with an increased modicum of freight boats and keeps up its reputation 
of being in more senses than one, a great feeder. 

The Clydes give us direct steam communication with Philadelphia, 
besides the usual net work of minor lines permeating the adjacent country 
and aiding to sustain the main one by the products brought therefrom. 
Connecting us with the Cities of New England and her Cotton Mills, 
the Merchants' and Miners' Transportation Company is ever affording 
increased facilities for business in its season and pleasure for those who 
seek recreation during the heated term. 

All these steam lines are links of that great chain between the Atlantic 
and the Mississippi which is formed by junction at Norfolk with the N. 
and W.R. R. 

We have also an excellent daily line of steamers to the National 
Capital and a tri-weekly one to that of our own State, while the name is 
legion of the smaller craft steam and sail, which pour into our market 
the rich yield of our neighbors. 

But Norfolk's first love — her first venture in Railroads, at least so far 
as having the Iron horse snorting and cavourting along her very streets 
and not a little to the dismay and disgust of many of her old fogey in- 
habitants, was the Norfolk and Petersburg R. R. All of her older citizens 
remember the advent among us of that little man with a mighty spirit 
who was to control its destinies and to make it one of the best if not the 
very best built road in the country. Many a contractor had to " squeal '' 
under his decisions — but the Road when completed was a source of pride, 
pleasure and eventually profit to its Stockholders and every man, woman 
and child along its line. It was the conception of the same great mind 
to enlarge this germ into the grand idea of consolidation which under his 
regime was completed to Bristol, on the Tennessee line, under the title of 
the A. M. & O. R. R. Adverse circumstances, in the shape of the ter- 
rible financial panic and consequent crisis of 1873 and hostile bondholders, 
who could neither foresee the result nor appreciate the utility of a home 
protecting policy but sought first and last to realize their pound of flesh 
forced the road into the hands of Receivers. A kind but mysterious 
Providence so ordered events that the business manager selected to con- 
duct affairs under the new Regime was the able and trusted lieutenant of 
the great captain of consolidation. With a return of more prosperous 
times, the Road seemed on the eve of being returned to its original pro- 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



21 



jectors, but in the jiidgiuent of those controlling the matter a sale was 
deemed expedient and the result has proved most beneficial to all con- 
cerned. The new company under the name of the Norfolk and Western 
Railroad has now perfected its title, the contract having been confirmed 
by the Virginia Legislature at its last session and approved by the Gover- 
nor, February 19, 1882. The balance of the purchase money was paid 
into the treasury and the State has released in full all claim which she 
holds against the organization. This removes the last cloud on the title. 
It is a source of pride to our people to feel that the great lines which reach 
the deep waters on our shores are beginning to bear the name of our city 




EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK— MAIN STREET. 

by the sea, and it is significant fact witnessing that we are no longer a 
secondary consideration in the policy of these lines. And the grand idea 
is now being urged of beginning at Norfolk and stretching out briarean 
arms not alone to the Ohio, nor the Mississippi but westward with the 
Star of Empire to the Pacific Slope. 

While its shops and principal business offices are at Lynchburg, the cen- 
tral point of the N. & W. R. II. proper, but which will probably be remov- 
ed to Roanoke its junction with the Shenandoah Valley R. R., in reality a 
part of the same great combination, inside of a year, the grand objective 
l)oint of this Road must be Norfolk, as that towards which all movements 
for an extended trade with the transatlantic world will have to be made, 
and as events, we think, will prove the more convenient way for making 



22 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

its Eastern connections; as the means of handling freight at Norfolk and 
the water transportation therefrom grow to be commensurate with the pro- 
gress of the times. As an evidence of the regard in which our city is held 
by the new organization, we can point to the wonderful improvement that 
has taken place at the station grounds and depot of this Road at Norfolk; 
for the visitor returning after an absence of twelve months will fail tore- 
cognize in the handsome and commodious accommodations that now wel- 
come the traveller any resemblance to the old dilapidated shanties that have 
nearly entirely disaj)peared and will have completely done so by the next 
Summer. And this is but a minor portion of the in^provement; the disap- 
pearance of that old relic the Norfolk drawbridge has taken place and now an 
unbroken wharf-front of nearly one-third of a mile with ample depth of 
water all the proj)erty of this Road presents itself. Large storehouses have 
already been erected, others are projected while a still greater supply only 
waits on the demand. One of the most important uses to which this im- 
provement will be put is in affording a depot at Norfolk for transmitting the 
abundant products of coal and other minerals of which the region adjoining 
theN. & W. R. R. to the west of Lynchburg is most prolific. The New 
River branch road to the coal mines is now completed and this is but one 
of the three roads projected by the company to the mining districts. 

President Tyler of the N. & W.- R. R., thinks when his connections 
are completed with this almost inexhaustible mineral region, Norfolk 
will stand unsurpassed as a coal market on the Atlantic coast. But the 
N. & W. R. R. proper is only one link in that powerful chain which was 
formed last Fall by the inauguration on the 1st October 1881, of the trip- 
artite contract for joint traffic management made between theN. & W. K. 
R., E. T. V. & Ga. System or combination and the Shenandoah Valley 
R. R., and which promises most advantageous results. Under this con- 
tract for twenty- five years remarks President Tyler, ''the line of the N. & 
W. is practically extended and direct connection secured with Chattanooga, 
Memphis, Savannah, Montgomery, Mobile, New Orleans, Harrisburg, 
Philadelphia, Baltimore and New York," and we may add through the 
water connections at Norfolk, all ready alluded to, with the cities and 
mills of New England. We are thus closely allied with the great Cole 
or Georgia system which is rapidly pushing its efforts to make up for the 
great disappointment in losing the Cincinnati Southern and which will we 
hope before long succeed in building up to the Kentucky Central and 
thus recover the lost ground. 

The same able and live management that raised up the unfortunate A., 
M. & O. R. R. after better times financially dawned upon the country, 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



23 



not only controls the N. & W. R. R. but also this new organization And 
what is its destiny? Surely not to terminate in a great Atlan be and 
Mississippi line ; but spanning the Father of waters at Memphis when an 
earnest Lnd irrJsistable appeal to a liberal minded Congress s .a 1^^^^^^^^^^ 
brouMit Government aid to this great national highway to the 1 actio 
unin^peded by the snows of Winter, it will find its western terminus at 
San Dieao, California, or some other favorably located point on the Pa- 
cific Colst. This is no idle dreaming, for results far less practicable m 
their seeming not a score of years ago are now being consummated. 



ACADEMY, AND NORFOLK LIBRARY ASSOCIATION BUILDING. 
Bank, Charlotte and Camberland Streets. 

In connection with the Air Line we would briefly allude to its claim 
and trace office, which has its headquarters in Norfolk and is con- 
ducted by that genial gentleman Walter T. Payne, supportecl by an m- 
telligent'corps of clerks. This office has not only charge of claims and 
traces, as its name would indicate, but has the management at Norfo k of 
the important and growing business of the foreign shipment of cotton. 
By the skill and good judgment of the gentleman in charge during the 
season ending with August last 75,000 bales of cotton and upwards were 
shipped from the Interior via Norfolk or about three eights o. the en ire cot- 
ton which reached Norfolk over the N. & W. R. R. We learn with regret 
that it has been seriously advocated, more in the interest we think ol 



24 NORFOLK A8 A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

nnother locality than of the Line at large, to remove this important office 
from Norfolk, and we trust our new Business Exchange will inaugurate 
a career of promised usefulness by takinof such immediate steps as will 
prevent such an unfortunate move. We feel sure that if some of our 
leading men, whose judgment would have weight with the manager of 
the Line, would briefly present the manifold benefits to result from re- 
taining this office and its present agent at Norfolk, the necessity of having 
him convenient as a claim agent to this important point of most general 
and difficult transfers on the Line and more especially to the further de- 
velopment of that large and growing foreign business, so successfully 
conducted by him, even the discussion of such an impolitic step would 
be stopped at once and forever. 

Another excellent move under the auspices of this Road is the estab- 
lishment of an Immigration and Mining Bureau, an important matter, in 
which through her Railroads our Sister State, North Carolina, has got- 
ten decidedly ahead of us. This Bureau has been established by J. B. 
Austin, at Wytheville, Va,, and sanctioned by the N. & W. and S. V. 
R. R's. By or before the first of June, it is expected the Shenandoah 
Valley R. R. will be completed to Roanoke and the joint improvements 
there will have so far progressed as to permit the removal of the principal 
office of this Bureau to that point. A Monthly Bulletin of properties 
for sale will be issued for circulation among investors, manufacturers and 
agriculturists, and with the new facilities for reaching these points by the 
N. & W. R. R. and its branches, there is little or no doubt that a liberal 
policy on the part of our people, will cause a flood of immigration of 
that better sort that adds impetus to the progress of a community and 
brings wealth, or at least material benefits to all concerned. 

Before leaving the subject of the N. & W. R. R., w^e must not neglect 
a reference to the "Norfolk Terminal Co.," organized March 16, 1882, 
under an act of the Legislature, approved March 6, which will, we have 
no doubt, contribute largely to the growth and material prosperity of 
our city. Its incorporators and present directors are the following well 
known gentlemen : — Messrs. Boyce, Kimball, Tyler, Clark, Doran, Jones, 
Billups, Lamb and Portlock; the majority of whom are identified with 
the N. & W. and Shenandoah Valley Railroads, and two of the number 
equally so with most of the schemes of the last ten or fifteen years for 
our city's advancement, and we are sure no better guarantee could be 
given that the Company means business, real and active, than its being 
under the control of such a management, with F. J. Kimball, Esq., at 
its head. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



25 



This Company has the right to construct, own and operate a railway 
with all necessary tracks, siding and branches, from any point on the N. 
& W. Railroad, in the county of Norfolk, to any point or points at or 
near the harbor of Norfolk on Chesapeake Bay, in the counties of Nor- 
folk and Princess Anne. It is also authorized to construct at or near the 
harbor of Norfolk, wharves, docks, warehouses, elevators and cotton 
presses, suitable for the accommodation of steamships and vessels, and for 
the convenience of shipping, transporting and storins: all kinds of mer- 
chandise and property, and the Company may conduct a general dock, 
wharf, wharehouse, steamship and lighterage business. 




SEABOARD COTTON PRESS (REYNOLDS BROS, ) TOWN POINT. 

This Company is also authorized to consolidate with the N. & W. 
Railroad and connect and unite physically with the railway of any other 
existing company upon such terras as may be agreed upon. It has also 
the further power to issue mortgage bonds, secured by its property and 
franchises, whenever the directors may deem it expedient to do so for the 
prosecution and extension of its work. 

Its minimum capital of ^100,000 may be increased to $5,000,000, and 
under its charter all rights and privileges thereof are forfeited by a fail- 
ure to expend within two years, in the designated improvements, the 
amount of this minimum capital. Through this organization we look 
forward at no distant day to seeing the accomplishment of our plan pro- 
posed last season, of a great depot, docks and warehouses, established at 



26 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

the site of old Fort Norfolk for our foreign business in all its aspects. 
Further, we think, the far-seeing and enterprising gentlemen, who con- 
stitute the management of the Terminal Company, will at an early day 
get possession of the former " Vue de I'Eau " property, connect it by 
rail with the N. & W. R.R., and there establish docks for coaling purposes, 
followed by an elevator and a cotton press and large warehouses. Once 
having theoutports established there on a firm basis, we will be prepared 
to see our city, by rapid growth both up and down the river, in an al- 
most incredibly short time, form a continuous line, though of course for 
many years an attenuated one, from Campostella bridge to Seawell's Point. 
But we fear that our interest in this subject has made us dwell too 
long upon this very important motor towards our present high rank 
as a Business Centre, and we must now turn to a consideration of her more 
ancient ally whose terminus is on the Southern side of our harbor — the 
Seaboard & Roanoke R. R. Under its old name and with almost 
unvarying success this road has fought its wny through times and tides 
of fortunes that its less happily constituted neighbors have had to suc- 
cumb to. It is the connecting link between Norfolk and the whole 
system of Roads throughout the South Atlantic and Gulf States, and is 
one of the main arteries of our trade. With its connections in the for- 
mer, it makes the " Atlantic Coast Line," while with those in the latter, 
it forms what is known as the '* Seaboard Air Line." It has not only 
a magnificent business from the interior in cotton, of which it has been 
the largest transporter to our market, but does an excellent carrying 
business to that section in return. And no better evidence of this can 
be furnished than the completion of those really vast improvements and 
facilities for increased trade which were referred to as projected in our 
former edition. Not satisfied with the erection of immense warehouses 
which have already stored several millions bags of fertilizers from this 
market and the northern ones, to be carried into the country from which 
the cotton and other crops will be brought in due time in exchange, to 
say nothing of other articles of produce and merchandise ; and adding 
to their terminus on the Southern side of the harbor extensive dock 
facilities aggregating a frontage of 500 yards ; they have purchased on 
the Norfolk side, at a first cost of nearly $30,000, a valuable site for a 
wharf and dock on an extensive scale which they shortly propose 
to improve in keeping with the advanced business ideas of the day. 
Nor is it alone at this terminus of the line that the system of which 
this Road is but a small section is making progress. This management 
controls the intermediate road between the Piedmont Air Line and the 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 27 

coast line of Railroads, taking it to Raleigh via Hamlet on the S. C. 
line. It has recently acquired the Carolina Central Road from Wilming- 
ton to Charlotte through Hamlet; will push a connection to Cheraw 
and Chester, S. C, and thence to Newberry, and will then be prepared 




HOSPITAL St. VINCENT de PALI.-CIIUUCH AND WOOD STKEETS. 

to strike a decisive blow to regain much of its lost ground and even 
advance into the territory of its formidable enemy the Piedmont Air 
Line, dividing its splendid cotton trade and bringing that staple right to 
our doors. This connection when all its lines are complete, will make 
almost an air line between Atlanta and Norfolk, through a region most 



28 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

prolific of cotton. Mr. Robinson, the controlling genius of this system, 
has, we are told, the most unlimited confidence in the Port of Norfolk 
as having the superior advantages tor shipping cotton. It is interesting 
to note in this connection that the master spirits of these great lines that 
are seeking to make or rather take advantage of the coming greatness of 
Norfolk as a Port, are actuated by no favorable prejudices towards it, 
but are drawn to seek it by an uncontrollable impulse which savours 
strongly of destiny or overrulling Providence. 

Scarcely a year ago, the booming of cannon announced the completion 
of that brand-new applicant for public favor, the Elizabeth City and 
Norfolk R. R., which modestly located its depot in the village of Berk- 
ley, on the southern branch of the Elizabeth River. The site, we think, 
was admirably chosen as being most convenient in all respects and afford- 
ing opportunity to extend their wharf facilities as it became necessary. 
Already they have completed their extensive docks and wharves at first 
contemplated, but with their steadily growing and healthy business these 
will soon be entirely inadaquate to meet the pressing demands of com- 
merce. The Northern division of this Road extended to Elizabeth City, 
a distance of 43 miles, but the Road has now been completed to Edenton, 
some 30 miles further, thus realizing one of the great expectations of 
Norfolk merchants before the war ; a circumstance which would then have 
been hailed with a jubilee, but which now is almost overlooked in the 
ardor of our race for greatness. We note with pleasure that with the 
extension of this Road there seems to come a most pressing necessity for 
further advance. The modest title of the Road has been dropped and 
we now welcome the Norfolk and Southern Railroad as another great 
supporter of our City in her march of progress. One of our North 
Carolina Journals, compliments very highly and justly, we think, the 
management of this Road, on the splendid success which has rewarded 
its skill and enterprise, while making the statement, that notwithstanding 
they had equipped the Road in a manner which they deemed amply 
Bufficient, they find that they are compelled to increase the rolling stock 
in order that they may be enabled to supply the demand made on 
them by the continuous run of freights, daily increasing in magnitude. 
Nor is it local trade alone that keeps up this Road, but their connections 
here are very complete for through shipments and it possesses the great 
advantage in having three busy seasons, trucking, fishing and cotton. 
We learn that it is contemplated to connect Edenton by steam ferriage 
with Plymouth and Jamesville, still further up the Sound, and from 
thence by a short road already built, to reach Washington and to push 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



29 



rapidly the construction of their line from that point to Newberne, while 
its ultimate Southern terminus will probably be some point in Florida, 
on the Gulf of Mexico. We have often heard it claimed by the good 
people of the Old North State that Norfolk fairly belonged to them and 
in view of this rapidly growing connection and the recent acquisition in 
the interest of Norfolk of the Carolina Central, we feel that we shall 
be so tightly grappled to their hearts by bands of steel that per force 
they will come and take us anyhow. Or we would propose as a cora- 




BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF HARBOR. 



promise that they unite with us to build such a great city here that it 
will be too large to be claimed entirely by any one State, but be the 
great metropolis of the South. 

We come now to speak of the last of the great overland routes in 
whose success the interests of our City are more or less involved — the 
Chesapeake and Ohio R. R. The great benefits to Norfolk from this 
Road are still a future contingency, and may even prove a remote one. 
But that there is a future for us in the completion of this Road and 



3t> 



Norfolk as a business centre ; 



its extensive improvements at its deep water terminus, Newport New3, 
no one will deny who has closely studied the question. 

The earnings of this Road during the past year over and above cur- 
rent expenses were considerable, though more than absorbed by the 
extraordinary outlay occasioned by re-laying the whole line of road with 
steel rails. In our last edition this Road was reported as operating 432 
miles, to which it has since added its Peninsula extension of about 75 miles. 
In addition to this it has increased its Western connections considerably. 




VIEW OF HARBOR, WITH KAVY YARD IN THE DISTANCE, 

and reaches by these alliances Louisville, Cincinnati, Chicago, Memphif? 
and other leading cities in the West, Northwest and Southwest. Its 
eastern terminus is still, practically, however Richmoud, Va., and will 
continue so until the completion of its large docks, storehouses, &c., at 
Newport News. Here will be an extensive coaling station and an eleva- 
tor with a capacity for 1,500,000 bushels of graiu, and terminal facilities 
generally for the products of the West, and when completed it will be 
necessarily connected with our city by ferry barges, so that capitalists;. 



ns PEINCIPAL INDHSTEIES AND TRADES. 



31 



„refcring Norfolk, with its many and growing aavantages, as a residence 
'!:;;f be able to use the " News" for business purposes as the merchants 

"^rr:::::':;- tlnsidered or the UaHroads in which N„. 
folUU materially invested, the two which for ^^^^^^^^^^l^ 
contribute as much to her pleasure as proBt ; we refer to the Ocean V .ew 
:L.d, extending from this cityaboutSmilestothehote of h^^^^^^^^^ 
View Hold Co., by whom this Railroad .s owned. I has been very 
ll^ful for two yea,, past as a means of Summer travel, and as afford- 




'° '"^CITY HALL AND COURT HOUSE. 

.„g a short and ine.,«nsive trip during the heated terra to those who 
bave onlv time in the evening to steal away from busmess for a few 
hours, and bids fair in the coming season to be equa ly well patronized. 
Tl,; other Road is the " Norfolk and Virgm.a Beach Ra. road wh.ch, 
just at present, is merely prospective. For many years the Holhes 
immediktelv on the Atlantic Ocean, has been known as a most favorable 
locaiiou for" a Summer Hotel, but the e.per.ence of the Hyge.a Hotel, a 
Fortress Mon,.>e, h-as taught us the lesson th.t v.s.tors ?■-» th Jar 
West flying the rigors of their unbearable Wmlers, find m this latitude, 



32 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



on the sea-coast, where the seasons are modified by the close proximity 
of the Gulf Stream the great climatic desideratum. It is said the Pro- 
prietor of the Hygeia had to refuse during the past Winter over 300 
such applicants, while keeping his house, with accommodations for nearly 
1000 guests, full nearly all the time. 

Two years ago, an enterprising dealer in real estate in our midst, suc- 
ceeded in bringing the facts regarding this locality to the attention of 
Northern capitalists, who came, saw and were conquered ; and the result 
is the purchase of 6 miles of the finest ocean beach on the Atlantic coast, 
with lands adjacent, at a cost of about $25,000, Upon this will be 
erected in the course of the next eighteen months a magnificent Sea Side 
Hotel, designed by one of the first Architects of the country, and capa- 
ble of accommodating comfortably 800 or more guests. The lands in 




HOME SAVINGS BANK— MAIN STREET AND ROANOKE AVE. 

the vicinity are to be laid off in convenient sized lots which will be dis- 
posed off on reasonable terms to purchasers, who agree to improve them 
at once. 

This Company organized under the amended charter of the Norfolk 
and Seawell's Point Railroad, will proceed as soon as the Spring opens to 
construct the Norfolk and Virginia Beach Railroad, for which they have 
the route surveyed and mapped and the right of way secured, and every- 
thing ready financially and otherwise to complete the Road in sixty days 
from first breaking ground. It will be run from Brambleton, in the 
vicinity of the N. & W. R. R., in' a bee line, shortly after leaving that 
point, 17 miles to the "Hollies." It is hoped the work will be suffi- 
ciently completed by June 1st, to commence the shipment of material 
for the Hotel, as of course nothing can be done on the building until 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES, 



33 



transportion is provided. The Company hopes by the 4th of July 
next, to have made sufficient acivance to allow pic-nic parties a trip to 
the Ocean with some sort of temporary accommodations for the day, and 
by the next anniversary to have their magnificent hotel fully opened to 
the visiting world. With just an easy ride of an hour from the Ocean 
to Norfolk, the restless tourist after breaking his fast to the music of oM 
Ocean's roar, may take the N. & W. R. R., and after a day's jaunt sup 
"on some blue mountain of the Old Dominion," and vice versa. 




MAIN STREET— ATLANTIC TO COMMERCE STREETS, NORTH SIDE. 

Turning from the consideration of our land approaches to that of the 
advantages for water communi(;ation with the outside world, it is a mat- 
ter of no little surprise that a liberal and progressive Government should 
have treated with absolute neirlect one of its finest harbors naturallv, 
while lavishing its money in vain attcm|)ts to make or improve harbors 
which have scarcely a claim to the name of port. Although regaining 
possession of Norfolk and its Navy Yard early in the late war (May 



34 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 



1862) and making most valuable use of it as a rendevous and more or 
less injuring its harbor by using it as a naval anchorage, not one penny 
was ever subscribed towards its improvements by the United States Gov- 
ernment ft»r eleven years after peace was made, though it was well known 
that it had been deteriorated and was still deteriorating. In February 
1875, an act of the Legislature established a Harbor Commisson and after 
strenous efforts of local and State authorites a pitiful appropriation of some 
$35,000 was procured and similar sums have been doled out for the past 




MAIN STREET— ATLANTIC TO BANK STREETS. 

six years aggregating less than one quarter million of dollars. Careful sur- 
veys of tlie harbor and wonderful improvement in tiie approaches and 
harbor j)roper have been made by a judicious outlay, considering the 
small amount available, but much remains to be done to restore our har- 
bor to its pristine glory and to placa it in such a condition as to prevent its 
retrograding. We would respectfully urge our city authorities to make a 
more strenous effort and more earnestly back up our representatives in 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



35 



Congress in tlieir efforts to obtain an appropriation commensurate with our 
importance as one of the leading seaports and naval stations of our great 
country. And we think the efforts to help ourselves as evinced by the 
wonderful growth and improvement of our waterfront fully merits a more 
favorable consideration on the part of the Representatives of the nation. 




NORFOLK STEAM BAKERY, 87 MAIN STREET— JAMES REID & CO. 

We read of the rapid growth and improvement of the cities of the West, 
that almost spring up in a night like the mushroom, but in the conserva- 
tive east, especially in our staid old commonwealth, and more especially 
in that " pokey old fish and oyster town, " whilom the synonym for slow, 



36 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



the honorable President of the Cotton Exchange must have taxed the 
credulity of his hearers when he gravely announced to the Cotton and 
Railroad magnates at Atlanta, that the demands of trade had been so 
great as to compel the construction in our harbor within the past year of 
nearly three miles of new wharf front, an addition unequalled in the whole 
of the 75 years preceeding. But it is a positive fact and the figures aggre- 
gated after being gathered from reliable sources showed this extension to 
be 14,580 feet. And more than this immense warehouses have been built 
upon them and the demand is still for more. We find our predictions in 
this respect and in others either realized or in process of realization. To- 
day we have six powerful compresses in operation, whose daily capacity 
reaches 10,000 bales. Three of them belong to the Seaboard Compress 




J. M. BUTT'S, Nos. 4 AND 6 AND WEBB, JETT & COX'S, No. 8 MARKET SQUARE. 

Company, two of which were working twelve months ago and the third a 
new one erected on the Southern side of our harbor. The Virginia Com- 
press Company, which had the misfortune to lose its compress by the fire 
in March 1881, owns the fourth, the ''Mastadon of Compresses" said to be 
the largest and most powerful in existence readily squeezing two large bales 
into a little one. Then the Shipper's Compress Company, which is a new 
organization tiiis season, has one on ohe Portsmouth side and one on the 
great McCuUough improvement in Norfolk. 

Giving employment to these compresses we have seventeen shippers to 
foreign ports, all members of our Cotton Exchange and some of them rep- 
resentatives of the wealthiest cotton houses of the world. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



37 



Apropos of these improvements while not wishing to discnminute 
among our citizens, all of whom we believe are gradually imbibing the 
new spirit of enterprise and progress which is fast gaining a |)ermanent 
(iontrol of our community, we think it but justice to refer sj)ecially to the 
great work which has been done by A. A. McCullough in transforming 
the unsightly flats west of Stone Bridge and Granby street into one of the 
busiest localities of our city. 

The original scheme })roposed and advocated in our city councils and 
referred to by us last year was postponed and would in all probability 




mm 



PURCELL HOUSE, MAIN AND CHURCH STREETS-R. T. JAMES. 

have been postponed indefinitely till quietly forgotten but private energy 
and enterprise took hold of the matter and as if, by magic, that old 
receptacle of the filth of sewerage, busy only with that life of corruption 
which the sun light awakened in the tide-left mud flats, is changed into a 
busy depot of trade and commerce. In a single year this improvement 
has added sixty acres of land to the area of our city with wharves and 
warehouses, while a sufficiently deep and broad canal running east and 
west up to Granby street, makes a secure dock for vessels of a large size 



38 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



to a point west of Stone Bridge where it is crossed by a drawbridge over 
which pass the cotton loaded cars consigned to the Shipper's Compress 
via the N. & W. R. R. 

While the increase of the commerce and trade of our city has been so 
encouraging we regret not to be able to record a proportionate increase in 
manufactures which we think so necessary to preserve a healthy equili- 
brium. Not that we are totally deficient in that resj)ect for our Cotton 




Factory having been rebuilt is in full operation, but then it is one, when 
it should be one among many, and in a town or city, we should perhaps calf 
it, like ours where we have a considerable proponderance of females, it is 
most essential to the preservation of health and morals that we have 
healthy and respectable, and at the same time remunerative employ- 
ment of this character in abundance. 

It used to be the want of fresh, pure water that was the great obstacle 
to the establishment of manufactories in our midst, but that defect was 
remedied some nine years ago by the introduction of water \yy the Holly 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



3i> 



system and an appropriation has boen recently made for increasing the 
supply, and steps are being accordingly taken in that direction to an al- 
most indefinite extent. Jjiit before leaving the subject of manufactures we 
must not fail to allude to the successful ventures in making fertilizers by 
several of our leading firms, who are constantly extending their business, 
increasing their own wealth and adding most materially to the prosperity 
of our city. Moreover by the seeker after information scattered through 
the now somewhat confined limits of our corporation, will be found many 
successful and growing manufactories that escape the eye of the casual 
observer, but which bear strong evidence of a fast developing move towards 




S. A. STEVENS & CO.'S.— MAIN AND GRANBY STREETS. 



the establishment of such improvements. There are many opportunities 
of investments in this line awaiting the advent of capitalists to take advan- 
tiige of them. While on this subject it may not be amiss to recur to the 
Peanut Factories of which we have three large and flourishing ones in our 
midst using the most improved machinery and employing hundreds of 
hands principally females and boys and turning out by their cleaning pro- 
cess a nut which stands unrivalled in the market. As is perhaps now 
generally known Virginia is the largest peanut growing State in the 
Union and Norfolk is par excellence the peanut market of Virginia, in 
fact of the world. Our trade in that article amounting to nearly one and 



40 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



a half million of dollars and our shipments North, South and West reach- 
ing some 1,200,000 bushels. No considerable effort has been vet made 
towards a foreign shipment of this article but we have no doubt that 




a judicious testing of the market would result in time in quite an active 
trade. 

Somehow while speaking of peanuts and mce versa our mind invariably 
reverts to oysters, whether because they are naturally classed together as 
shell-fruits or because they are among our earliest youthful tastes and 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



41 



pleasures we can not tell, enough that the subject is brought up and in 
passing nierils at least a brief mention. The gathering, shucking and 
preparing for shipment of this most popular edible is not only an element 
of business strength and substantial profit to the capitalists who invest 
largely in this business, but is most useful in its employment of several 
thousand of that vast laboring horde in whose employment the natiou 
finds peace and whose idleness brings anarchy and revolution. Not less than 
one and a half millions of bushels of these bivalves find their way from our 
market to all parts of the world, until the "Norfolk Oysters" have 
grown to be " houseiiold words" alike in the log cabin of the Western 
hunter and the palace of the Eastern Prince. Still another industry in- 




M. A. A C. A. SANTOS'— MAIN AND ATLANTIC STREETS. 

vites our attention ; which fills our harbor with sail and steam vessels of 
various sizes engaged in the transportation of lumber, first towed down 
to the various mills, which dot the numerous branches and creeks that 
empty into our river, in the crude state of logs, often in huge rafts that 
for a time seem to impede navigation and there sawed and shipped away 
or consumed at home to meet the daily increasing demand for houserooni 
and making in all a business which exceeds two millions of dollars. 

There is evidence everywhere of new life in our city's business and the 
day of stagnation we trust is numbered among the irrevocable things of 
the past, indeed we are sure of it, if our wide awake and liberal minded 
merchants and capitalists will give a long pull, and a strong pull and a 
pull altogether and keep the ball in motion. 



42 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

We will now return to the water question, which at one time grew to 
be a serious detriment to our city's advance, as every continued drought 
then entailed not only inconvenience but sometimes little short of posi- 
tive suffering. All this has nosv been remedied and the rapid increase 
which is being made in the use of what is known as the City Water is 
gratifying. 

Not only as a necessity for the ordinary purposes of every day life and 
the establishment and perpetuity of manufactories but as essential to our 
protection against conflagration has this introduction of water proved an 
inestimable benefit. By its free and practical use our Fire Department 
are made most efficient as proven by their successful efforts in quelling 
the devouring eleinetjt in March, 1881, when the Cotton Press of the Vir- 
ginia Compress Company was destroyed and a large section of the business 
portion of our city was in imminent danger. P]very means seems to have 
been taken which tne facilities available can afford for the protection of 
property, es[)ecially in those portions of the town where cotton and other 
combustible matter is stored. Not feeling ourselves altogether compe- 
tent to suggest any decided improvements in the system now in vogue, 
we would still modestly urge our city Fathers to establish telegraphic 
alarms through our city, as many as might be deemed best in each of the 
six fire distri(!ts, after due consultation, and located at the most important 
j)oints. The key to each alarm being deposited with a responsible party 
livnig at the most convenient point adjacent. Let each alarm have its 
number. Tlien when the warder at the City Hall receives the signal 
from the Fire Department which is first notified, he will strike the bell 
from one lo six, according to the distric^t, then after a breathing space he 
will strike the bell from one to — according to the station in that district 
nearest the fire. In this way each citizen hearing the alarm will be no- 
tified of the exact location and know how far his interest may require his 
presence there. 

It does not come within our province to discuss the healthiness or 
unhealthiness of our Atlantic Coast and its towns and cities; it is enough 
to say that our city has a rec(jrd that will compare favorably with any of 
them in the matter of health, and the only serious epidemic that has ever 
prevailed in our midst occurred some twenty-seven years ago, and was 
introduced by a vessel from foreign parts which was permitted to slip 
through a quarantine, which has since been more rigidly enforced, in a 
season of overwhelming confi<lence induced by a preceeding Summer so 
healthy that its small mortality was phenomenal. This much we will 
permit ourselves to say that when we consider that a supply of water for 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



43 



general use has now been introduced into our city about nine years, with 
a steady increase each year in its consumption, with no adequate means at 
hand or provided to remove the superfluous fluid oeccessarily resulting 




therefrom, but on the contrary, in the march of in.provement, much new 
irround has been made, in some instances, filling up the naturaUlra.ns, it 



fsTm^atter oFwonderment and conclusively proves the salubrity of our 
Kjliraate that no serious and permanent ill effects have resulted. 



44 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

In our former edition, we alluded to the appointment of d committee 
by our City Councils to consult with an eminent Sanitary Engineer, in 
order to adopt a proper plan for effecting such drainage as might be best 
suited for our soil and topography, and a preliminary report was sub- 
mitted to them in April, 1881, and a further report was furnished in 
June by Maj. Geo. E. Waring, and was referred to the New Councils 
who came into office on the first of the next July. That no serious re- 
sults were apprehended by our city fathers from delay in acting upon 
the matter must be inferred from the fact that over six months elapsed 
— the fall and best half of the Winter being allowed to pass — before 
this important work was commenced. The system of drainage adopted 
is very similar to that in use in Memphis, and has to recommend it both 
the practical success in that city, where it has been thoroughly tested and 
found efficient and the name of its projector, which stands justly pre- 
eminent in his specialty. ''Fortunately/' he remarks, in referring to this 
subject, *' the subsoil of Norfolk is very largely of a porous character, and 
the simplest means of underdrainage will be much more effective there 
than they would be in a more uniformly retentive subsoil." This work 
has now been commenced in earnest and will be pushed as rapidly as 
possible until the season becouies too far advanced for such a general 
upturning of the soil to be permitted, and then will be resumed with 
the first frosts of the Fall, and continued to completion. We believe, 
with one of our practical scholars, that Norfolk will only require, in con- 
nection with this system of drainage in order to give it its proper 
sanitary rank among the cities of our Country, that the landlords gener- 
ally supply their tenants, especially the poorest, with our city water, and 
fill up all those holes in the ground where a large mass of our colored 
people, and many white ones too, have to get the water they use in 
the outskirts of the city, and that the city fathers grade the street gut- 
ters and make them impervious to water. There is no doubt a full supply 
of pure water readily attainable and as easily gotten rid of when made 
use of will greatly conduce to the health and comfort of the recipients. 

To those who seek a change of scene and climate during the heated 
term when every one needs more or less relaxation, we know of no place 
which has more to recommend it as a residence than our city. Less 
than twelve hours ride on the comfortable coaches of the N. & W. R.R., 
brings the tourist to the charming mountain localities of our own state, 
while the Ocean View and Virginia Beach Roads, within an hour put 
him either on the shores of the inviting Chesapeake or of the broad old 
Ocean, as he may prefer. There is also communication several times a 




\\^m^ 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES, 45 

day with Fort Monroe, where he will find that very popular and well- 
kept house, the Hygeia Hotel, open Summer and Winter, most attractive 
in itself besides the additional attractions in its immediate vicinitv of 
the most extensive and strongest fort in the United States, always well 
garrisoned, and in the near neighborhood the old town of Hampton, so 
full of interest to the visitor; the Soldier's Home and that admirable 
educational institution the Normal School, which is doing so much for the 
intellectual and moral training of the colored race as well as the Indian. 
The Old Dominion Steamers give a twenty-four hours taste of the out- 
side trip to those wishing a little sea experience or this time may be 
increased to forty-eight hours or longer, and the traveller taken within a 
short ride of the White Mountains, if desired, by the M. & M. 'J'rans. 
Co.'s Steamers to Boston. In fact we are placed in ready communication 
with almost every part of our common country by one or the other of 
our admirable Rail or Water Routes. 

But there are those whose limited means forbid even a short Summer 
jaunt and these are often the very ones who most need change from the 
crowded thoroughfares of the city to some quiet and pleasant spot within 
easy reach on foot. It is for these we would make a most earnest appeal 
to that branch of our City Government whose duty it is we think, as 
well as privilege, to make such provision. We have witnessed with 
pleasure in the last few years of our city's existence, that a persistent 
effort has been made by some at least of our younger citizens to throw 
oif the yoke of old fogyism and in so doing while giving all due reverence 
to the hoary head they have shown a quiet determination to have a will 
of their own and to find a way for that will. It is to their enterprise and 
push we must look for the consummation at an early day of the scheme 
to open spaces and reservations, filled with shade trees and green sward, 
with neat fountains cooling and refreshing the surrounding atmosphere 
with their spray, at various points within the present limits of our city ; 
but here the matter must not rest but outside the present boundaries and 
no better place, we think, than just over Drummond's bridge, a tract of 
land, a few acres at first to be gradually increased, should be procured 
and the iniatory steps taken towards giving our people that great sanitary 
desideratum, a Park. 

In this connection the present Chief Magistrate of our city speaks, we 
think, both wisely and well in his last annual message to the Councils 
accompanying the reports of the various city officers : 

" Now that we have an abundant supply of good water, nothing our 
Councils could do, after securing the Waring system of sewerage and 



4<> NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

drainage, would contribute to the wealth, health comfort and moral purity 
of our community, than the establishment of a Park at some eligible 
point within a reasonable distance of our corporate limits. Every dollar 
invested in such an improvement, would add tenfold to the value of our 
city property. A beautiful Park adds to the attractiveness of a cify, 
makes it more desirable as a place of residence, and is a strong induce- 
ment to people of wealth and culture to make it their home. Besides 
the pecuniary advantages of a Park to a community, there should be a 
higher incentive, in providing the people with a place of recreation, where 
they can enjoy freedom from labor, where pleasant rides and walks, green 
lawns and the attractions of nature and art, invite mirth and gladness, 
and provide healthful amusements." 

Another outcrop of this same spirit, which is the harbinger of that 
coming future, the star of whose glory still glimmers but mistily on the 
verge of our horizon, is the taking up of our suggestion as to a consolida- 
ted corporation. Of course a natural j)ride is causing a temporarv rebel- 
lion against this scheme on the part of tliose who are to be ultimately 
the most thoroughly benefitted thereby, and a short-sighted policy sees 
no further than the slight inconvenience of increased taxation, and over- 
looks the immense benefits rapidly accruing in the near future. Unques- 
tionably the consolidation and if necessary the extension of our joint 
limits to Tanner's Creek and in time to Seawell's Point, as must inevita- 
bly be the ultimate result if in the future our commerce demands a propor- 
tionate increase of water-front, would give us a place among the fifty 
important cities, in respect to population, our absence from which in our 
present stage of advance is a .terrible disadvantage. Naturally one hear- 
ing of Norfolk examines this list and unfavorably notes that we are not 
there. A consultation perhaps of a Railroad Guide gives us a position 
as the terminus of several Railroads and we are classed with other 
similar points North, South, East and West, as a speculative venture and 
not being out in the progressive West by no means an inviting one. 
Again an epicure will remember and perhaps sugjgest Norfi)lk fish and 
oysters, which while delightful in their way may give us even a lower 
status on the commercial scale. 

How then shall we drop our provincialism and take proper rank among 
the cities of this vast and growing continent? Consolidate, we say, and 
let a community of interests break down all the petty jealousies and 
rivalries that now so unhappily prevent or at least retard any joint suc- 
cessful efibrts. In a little while we will find that though expenses have 
been increased, we do not feel them, for the benefits accruing to the whole 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



47 



l,v consolidation will have given a larger population and an increased value 
to our properties, perscnial and real, that will more than meet the demand 
without increased taxation ; and our town people will gladly give way to 
the demands of business now almost pushingthem to the walls in the pres- 
ent narrow confines of our city, and seek freer and healthier homes in the 
added territory from which the idea of moving into the country now 




"-r '- ' -f i<' •• i'tf '^^^ ^Ki 

YORKTOWN CENTEXMAL. 

Principal arch, erected at Market Square, to commemorate the Surrrender of 

Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Oct. 19th, 1781. 

Celebrated in Norfolk October 21st, 1881, by a general holiday, civic and 

military parades. 

excludes them ; while our rural friends, will keep the freedom of their 
country homes with the added pleasures and profits of city residences. 



48 Norfolk as a business centre ; 

And just here let us speak of Norfi)lk's finances. It is a source of 
gratification and pride to our citizens that amid the general business pros- 
perity and growth of our city, that the credit of the corporation has been 
well sustained and the Finance Committee of the Councils, which retired 
on the 30th of June, 1881, have the proud consciousness of having so 
well performed their duty as lo fund over a half million of our city's 
indebtedness at a much lower rate of interest, and of establishing a sink- 
ing fund that in less than thirty-seven years will enable us to pay off our 
entire present indebtedness, and this too without making any allowance 
for the increase in population and value of property which seems inevita- 
ble in the light of our present improved business prospects. Our 5 per 
cent, city bonds are to-d;»y worth a premium. 

But what shall we call our new city ? Certainly by the older name, the 
City of Norfolk. With the exception perhaps of our sister city of Ports- 
mouth, the neighboring localities would hardly object to this nomencla- 
ture ; and will her good people let a sentiment stand in the way of sub- 
stantial prosperity? They should remember our port is now best known 
as the harbor of Norfolk, and even the Navy Yard is now the Norfolk 
Yard ; moreover they are not the " portsmouth " but Sea well's Point is 
their rival for that appellation. We think the torch has been applied to 
the old fossil relics and though the damp and mildew may make them 
smoulder for a while, the time is near at hand when their blazing pyre 
will mark the course of progress and consolidation hand in hand and our 
united people with one heart and voice will exclaim in the language of 
one of our Southern literati: — ''Sink the microcosm in the infinite 
macrocosm. Perish the segregate in the boundless, rushing, choral 
aggregation." 

There are two events in the history of the past twelve months which 
we think bring out in clear and well defined characters the fact that our 
people are well up with the advanced genius and progressive spirit of the 
times, and in cbsing this sketch we must be pardoned if we seem to 
dwell upon them too long. The one awoke the spirit of sadness and 
cast a gloom over every heart and home of our common country, while 
the other awoke a joyful memory of a glad time, a hundred years ago, 
without which perhaps our Country had never found place or name among 
the nations of the earth. 

Last year, as every American must know, who is not unmindful of the 
history and glory of his country, was the centenniary of the Yorktown 
surrender, and through the energy and enterprise of M. Glennan, Esq., 
of the Norfolk Virginian, a movement was inaugurated, the result of 



I 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



49 



which was a celebration of tiiis important event in the nation's career. 
A preliminary meeting at Yorktown, on the 19th of October, 1879, had 
given the movement the necessary impetus, which was seconded by various 
local organizations in several of the States, most interested in the event. 
The meeting in Norfolk looking towards an active participation in the 
celebration by preparing a welcome to our city of the numerous guests to 
the Centennial in transit through our midst, was held at the call of Mayor 
Lamb, IMarch 31st, 1881, and followed up eventually to a complete success 
by the energetic and liberal minded committees then appointed. But upon 




ST. MARY'S CHURCH-HOLT AND CHAPEL STREETS. 

this preparation for a joyful celebration fell like a funeral pall that sad- 
dest and most disgraceful act in American history, the assassination of 
her President in the heart of her Capital in time of perfect peace. The 
lingering illness and .subsequent death of the Nation's Chief of course 
threw a damper upon all preparations for festivities. 

We doubt if in any city of the land the news of our President's death 
was more quickly spread and more deeply felt than in our city by the 
sea, for the solemn pealing of the bells just an hour before midnight on 



50 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

tliat 19th day of September, sounded a knell which warned every heart 
that heard of the sad tidings. The man of business going to his work 
next morning or the stranger strolling for pleasure, was met at every 
turn by the outward manifestations of a universal sorrow, nearly every 
building, private and public, being draped in mourning. 

On the next evening the people assembled en masse to tender their 
condolence to the afflicted, mingled with cheir just indignation against 
the foul deed of the assassin. We are sure that the true spirit or great 
heart of our people never more clearly revealed itself. Space forbids 
us to dwell on this sad picture even had we the inclination, and we turn 
to a brighter aspect of the national spirit of our community. 

Feeling that unpropititious circumstances and its unfavorable location 
combined to make the celebration at Yorktown far from the success 
which the occasion merited, it became our people to make an effort 
to impress more favorably the visitor with Virginia spirit and enterprise 
than could be done by the crude display at Yorktown, and remove in fact 
a feeling of prejudice and disgust that would naturally arise from disap- 
pointed expectations ; and to this end a sufficiently ample appropriation 
was sought and obtained from the corporate authorities, to which was 
added liberal donations by our citizens at large. On the 11th of Octo- 
ber a proclamation by the Mayor was issued requesting an active partici- 
pation by all cilizens in a week of festivities, commencing with Monday, 
October 15th. He particularly invited the large fleet of British 
vessels lying at our wharves to participate in this celebration as they now 
gave our port " a great victory of peace, instead of the dread alarm of 
war which the British fleet created one hundred years ago." And it 
was wonderful to see how our people burying " the great sorrow " in the 
depths of their hearts, went into the " mad gayety " of the hour with 
almost the abandon of the Latin race. 

On our principal thoroughfare were three handsome triumphal arches 
adorned with appropriate pictures and inscriptions. The first at the 
Atlantic Hotel corner, the central one,just opposite the market space and 
the third at the Purcell House corner. Every store was covered with bunt- 
ing, while crossed lines from the various principal buildings were almost 
loaded down with flags, and many private residences vied with the pub- 
lic buildings in the beauty of their adornments. At intervals during the 
day fine bands discoursed inspiring strains from stands erected for that 
purpose at several convenient localities, extending their performance late 
into the night, amid the glare of electric lights which were scattered 
profusely over the city. By night the streets were thronged with vehi- 
cles and foot passengers every one eager to see and hear what was going 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 51 

on. Many visitors were completely taken by surprise and could hardly 
reconcile it with their preconceived ideas of our sleepy, old Virginia 
town ; confessing it resembled more a foreign capital in a holiday time 
than an American city and needed only the ** masks and confetti " to 
complete the picture of an Italian Carnival ; so that we feel assured 
whatever impression the visit to Yorktown made on the temporary 
sojourner in our midst seeking recreation and pleasure, the memory of the 
days spent in Norfolk during the last week will always be an agreeable one. 




COMMERCE STREET— WATER TO xMAIN STREETS. 

And now with a few words of friendly admonition to the folks at 
home, we will take a respectful leave of our kind readers. 

Our natural advantages are undeniable as are also the strong evidences 
of a right spirit which is begining to manifest itself in and among our 
people and the merited results have been rapid progress in the past few 
years. But it is not sufficient merely " to hold the fort " — we must keep 



52 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

moving on as the world revolves and it rests with us to decide whether 
it be backward or forward. 

To accomplish the latter we must posess an energy which is persevering, 
united and tolerant. Persevering, for " eternal vigilance is the price of 
liberty " and the rule finds no exception in a freedom from commercial 
vassalage. Though he may have cleared the rapids and the shoals, the 
strength of the deep water current requires no less skill and determination 
on the part of the rower to prevent his drifting back into the escaped 
danger. 

United, for without complete union strength will be wanting and the 
scattered forces of energy be completely wasted. Individual wishes and 
prejudices must therefore be cheerfully and patriotically sacrificed for the 
common good. 

Tolerant, for while we cordially invite the stranger to come among us 
and share our labors and rewards of toil, what inducement is there for 
him to come if we require him to lay aside all his preconceived opinions 
and cherished notions, the result perhaps of a life time of labor and 
thought and conform himself entirely to our views? 

No ; let us lay low the spirit of Procrustes that would fit every man 
to the bed of our views and opinions and thus gain the double advan- 
tage, in heartily welcoming thestranger to our midst, of numerical strength 
and a healthy interchange of views. 

Actuated by these motives and guided by these rules of conduct a 
brilliant future is secured to us and though this generations of elders and 
leaders may pass without seeing a fulfilment of our predictions, there are 
among us youths now on the inarch of life, who will be finmd side by 
side with these bright hopes and will develop our great natural advantages 
into that majestic grandeur which God intends one day or another to 
confer upon us. 

To those who have glanced over our preliminary sketch or perhaps 
honored us by giving it a thorough perusal, we would here say please 
don't lay the book aside, for the sul)ject is by no means exhausted; 
we have just crossed the threshold and we give you a most hearty wel- 
come to walk in and see what a feast of good things — aye and as useful as 
good — is spread out before you. We are coming now nearer to the 
every day life of our busy people, for while we have touched lightly on 
our City's outer life and connections with the world at large and its great 
expectations springing up in a bountiful crop therefrom, we still have to 
show you our peoples business life on her streets and invite you all who 
may be attracted by our prospective greatness and present prosperity, to 
come and mingle with us and take hold with us and share with us the 
profits of our successful business developments. Turn over the leaves 
of our book and examine each page of it and you will find new matter 
constantly recuring to interest and instruct you, for we have been at no 
little expense and pains to present an accurate and thorough list of all 
the avenues of commerce, manufactories, trades and firms of the city and 
such general information concerning them at must be most useful to 
those who already have or who may desire to have business relations with 
our city. 



ITS PKINCIPAI. INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



53 






Ji ' 1 ii ii'',.i il I r 




54 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

THE ASSOCIATED KAIL WAYS. 



IMMIGRATION INTO VIRGINIA, THE CAROLINAS AND 
GEORGIA, AND THE LEADING RAILWAYS OF THESE 
STATES AS FACTORS FOR MOST SUCCESSFULLY IN- 
DUCING IT. 



c^'' 



« ,0 argue the advantages of immigration is to presuppose a want of 
I common intelligence in the readers of this journal. To waste 
one's time in inquiring into tlie reasons why the unproductive hill sides 
of New England and the vast stretches of prairie in distant Western 
Territories have yielded to the treatment of nature and foreign industry, 
and become transformed into a new existence with all that is useful and 
beautiful in the realms of commerce, comfort and art, is also a needless 
task. We accomplish nothing by such speculations. Dealing, there- 
fore, with the facts as we find them, that the forests of our Southern 
lands are, to a great extent, primeval; that the mineral and metalic 
riches of our hills and mountains remain unexhumed ; that our water- 
powers of Titanic strength run to the sea almost entirely unarrested in 
their course by the demands of commerce or manufacture ; that flocks 
of sheep and herds of cattle graze only here and there upon our mead- 
ows, and that in all the departments of agriculture, manufacturing and 
mining industries around us, undevelopment is the rule and development 
the exception, the question recurs, by what appliances and methods 
could changes in such conditions be best effected? 

It was only when transportation for man and beast, and the products 
of the fields and forests, and the mines became practicable on methods 
of uniformity upon and harmony with the leading railways of Virginia 
and the Carolinas, and when, with such uniformity and harmony, 
economy of cost followed as a consequence to the consumer and producer. 

By arrangements entered into in the autumn of 1880, beiween the lead- 
ing lines that traversed the South Atlantic States, viz : the Richmond and 
Danville Railroad system, the Atlantic Coast Line system, and the Sea- 
board Air Line system, united tarffic management occurred, competition 
among numbers of these lines ceased, uniform methods of rates and 
service were created, and it became possible, as a legitimate branch of 
the Passenger Service which had, as well as the freight department of 
said lines, been concentrated under the control of one officer ; to create 
a Bureau of Immigration and Settlement ; to agree with connecting 
jailway and steamer on rates of inland transportation ; to perfect methods 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 55 

of ocean transit with Trans- Atlantic Steamer Lines ; to offer to the 
New England, Canadian or Foreign Immigrant the opportunity of being 
ticketed directly from his present home to any point upon said lines at 
which he might wish to make a new dwelling place; to collect from all 
quarters absolute and complete descriptive lists of farms and forest lands, 
water-powers, mining and manufacturing properties, &c., throughout 
the territories in the four States that these railways reached, and to dis- 
tribute such information in all quarters likely to attract the attention of 
intending settlers; and in fact to create and put in successful operation, 
even to the minutest detail, a system for the sale or purchase of land and 
information to the immigrant, the investor or the capitalist, which unites 
in preisenting to their attention whatever exists in the States named that 
is valuable or attractive, all this has been done. 

Foreign agencies have been created ; information as to routes and cost 
of transportation — the character and localities of lands, and all required 
appliances and facilities for reaching the sections of country, traversed 
by said lines, have been printed in the language of the country in 
which this information is distributed and from whence immigration is 
expected. 

The managers of the railways at interest recognize that it is only by 
patient and persistent effort based upon thoroughly comprehensive plans 
that success in developing immigration can be achieved in the territories 
these lines reach. Therefore it is, that confinement to description of 
properties of one particular class, or in any one area of territory, is not 
practiced. Neither do the boundaries of a particular State circumscribe 
their efforts. 

It is with equal exactitude and impartiality of description that the 
abstracts of land that are published by their Bureau of Immigration 
embrace the mineral and timber lands of Virginia and Western North 
Carolina, the tobacco and grain-growing sections of the same States, 
and likewise the fruit and vegetable-growing localities, also the cotton- 
producing uplands and lowlands of the Carolinas and Georgia, also the 
health resorts and wealth of scenery, with which the mountainous sec- 
tions abound. 

It is also contemplated to particularly describe the character, extent 
and capacity of the water-powers with which all these sections abound, 
and their adaptability for profitable use, either by the man of limited 
means with simple machinery, or wealthy companies capable of accom- 
plishing their highest development 



66 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

Furnishing after this fashion an assortment of the resources and at- 
tractions with wliich these lines abound, it is equally their intention, to 
which execution is now being given, to reach the v^arious classes of peo- 
ple likely to become interested in thes.e matters. For instance, the Ca- 
nadian forests or the Scandinavian peasant can find congenial employ- 
ment in the exhaustless forests of the higher latitudes or cooler climates 
of the mountainous sections; the Middle and Eastern States farmer, as 
well as the English or German immigrant, can find in the grain and 
tobacco growing or grazing lands locations adapted to their ideas and 
habits, while among the sunny slopes of the uplands of the Piedmont 
sections, the French and Swiss vine-growers can find homes not unlike 
those of their native lands; and thus, ad infinitum, it is certain that every 
class appealed to can be offered inducements for seeking locations among 
us that possess features not unlike those of the homes they leave. 

It is with pleasure, therefore, that we invite the attention of our 
readers and all interested in the material development of our sections, to 
the advertisement of the Associated Railways of Virginia and the Caro- 
linas that appears in this volume. 



A WORLD FAMOUS ESTABLISHMENT. 
Valentine's Meat Juice Manufactory. 



<M HE City of Richmond has its Iron Works and its Flour Mills, both 
^ of which have gone far to render that city in proportion to its size, 
one of the leading manufacturing centres of the country — certainly of 
the South. But she has also one article of manufacture, possessed by no 
other city in the country; an article which lias built up a highly enviable 
reputation for itself and strictly upon its own merits, not only in this 
State and throughout the Union but in Canada, Europe, Africa and 
South America. From the Rocky Mountains to the Pyramids and back 
again to the Andes, therefore, it may be truthfully said that Valentine's 
Meat Juice has easily won the favorable recognition which was its due. 
This is evidenced by the medals and diplomas awarded the Proprietor 
Mr. Mann S. Valentine, one of the most enterprising and pushing citi- 
zens of Richmond, by the Philadelphia Centennial of 1876 ; Paris Ex- 
position of 1878 ; and by the International Medical and Sanitary Expo- 
sition London, 1881 ; the value of the latter testimonial is particularly 
worthy of mention, as those awarding it were connoiseurs in preparations 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADra. 57 

of this nature ami were widely known and represenatative medical men 
and sanitary scientists. The Meat Juice is made from the flesh of only 
the healthiest and tenderest beef cattle, by means of specially adapted 
machinery ; Texan cheap beef is not utilized in the process, it being tough 
and coarse. About ten thousand pounds of the finest beef are slaughtered 
duiiy outside the city for manufacture and the crushed animal fibre is 
then conveyed to the works and subjected to the various processes neces- 
sary to transform it into the pure Meat Juice. 

The cattle, the flesh of which is used in the manufacture of the Meat 
Juice is obtained from the Western and South-western sections of this 
State, of the Durham breed, specially selected and averaging in weight 
1500 pounds. As illustratiMg the care and exactness observed in its 
making, it should be stated that when tested the specijiG gravity of the 
contents of every bottle vi the same. It is almost unnecessary to add that 
such results can only be obtained by scientific nicety and care in the 
j)reparation. An intelligent understanding of the practical value of the 
Meat Juice may be had when it is stated that actual experiments have 
shown the contents of a two-ounce phial of it to equal one and one half 
pints of the liquid amimal essence which latter will sustain a human 
being for at least forty-eight hours. Valentine's Meat Juice has 
attained its present widespread popularity solely and simply by virtue of 
its acknowledged purity and intrinsic value. 

To sum up^ the experience of large numbers of persons thoroughly 
qualified to speak intelligently of its good qualities, goes to show that it 
is easily portable, being always convenient to carry, and on this account 
being particularly useful when travelling either on sea or land — is not 
affected in any way by changes of temperature or climate (the trouble 
with most other preparations of the kind) — and in short furnishes a long 
sought for and reasonably priced article of food containing the very largest 
amount of nutriment in the smallest possible compass. 

Mr, Valentine will shortly erect new works with entirely new ma- 
chinery and greatly increased capacity for production and manufacture. 



HOTELS. 



I 



STRANGER arriving in Norfolk for the first time is struck with 
nothing more forcibly than with the elegance and extensiveness of 
our hotel accommodations. Very often he expects to find here insuffi- 
cient, inconvenient and uncomfortable suggestions of the provincial 
town in this important element in a travellers calculations, but he is sure 



58 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



to discover his mistake as soon as he is once ensconced under the roof of 
of our hotels. Tliis however is only natural as in the first place Nor- 
folk is the centre of a region producing the best to be had anywhere in 
the way of eating and drinking, and prices are of course reasonable in 
proportion to the short distance over which goods have to be brought to 
market. Then, too, the hotel buildings are roomy, commodious, well 
ventilated, and conveniently located in the heart of the city where they 
are easily accessible to railway depots, steamboat wharves, churches, 
places of ammusement, stores &c. 

In architectural design and fine appearance, both without and within, 
they will compare favorably with any hotels in the South. They possess 
handsome parlors, reception rooms and dining halls, and chambers both 
single and en suite; all are well lighted, and being lofty, well ventilated 
and handsomely furnished, have an a{)pearance of cleanliness and general 
attractiveness not always found in hotels. The buildings are heated by 
steam and furnished throughout wiih electric bells, elevators and all 
modern conveniences. Seekers of the health and pleasure, commercial 
travellers and many others who constantly visit Norfolk, will testify to 
the excellence of our hotels. 

N EVVlrf L A NT I^RoTE U 

Cor. MAIN and OilANBY ST11EET8, NORFOLK, YA. 
Terms $2.50 and $3.00 Per Day, According to Location. 



^-^fJ.^W¥Ji£ f]@rfgj^. 




u. s. DODSonsr, proprietor. 

Enlarged, remodelled and refurnished, rendering it one of the handsomest structures 
in the South, possessing all the modern improvements, induding first-class passenger 
elevator, electric bells, suits of rooms with hot and cold baths. 

The especial attention of Tourists and Invalids is called to the fine climate of Nor- 
folk and vicinity, and to the accommodations afforded b}- the Atlantic, where noth- 
ing will be left undone to render them comfortable. 

JS)®"" Liberal arrangements made with families and parties by the month. 

B©" Letters and telegrams to K. S. DODSON, will receive prompt attention. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



59 




Situated one hundred yards from Fort Monroe, at the confluence of the 
Chesapeake Bay and Hampton Roads, being the first jjoint of land lying 
westward between the Capes of Virginia, about fifteen miles north of Nor- 
folk and Portsmouth ; all passenger steamers running to and from those cities 
touch at the pier, going and returning, with the U. S. Mails, landing only 
twenty rods from the Hotel, which is substantially built and comfortably 
furnished ; has hydraulic passenger elevator, gas and electric bells in all 
rooms ; water ; rooms for bath, including Hot Sea, and closets on every floor, 
with the most perfect system of drainage of any Hotel or public building 
in the country. And as a resort for the pleasure-seeker, invalid, or resting- 
place for tourists on their way to Florida or the North, this house, with 
accommodations for about seven hundred guests, presents inducements which 
certainly are not equalled elsewhere as a summer resort or cold weather 
sanitarium. Has during the cold weather over 6,000 square feet of the 
spacious verandas (of which there are over 21,000 square feet encircling the 
house on all sides) incased in glass, enabling the most delicate invalid to 
enjoy the sunshine and fine water view without risking the slightest exposure. 
The invigorating atmosphere and mild temperature being especially adapted 
to that class who seek the genial winters of the South and cool summers of 
the North. For sleeplessness and nervousness, the delicious tonic of the pure 
ocean air and the lullaby of the ocean waves rolling upon the sandy beach, 
but a few feet from the bedroom windows, are most healthful soporifics at 
the Hygeia. 

For further information, address, by mail or telegraph, 

HARRISON PHOEBUS, Proprietor. 



60 



NORFOI.K AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



PURCELL HOUSE, 




# 



Terms, $S.OO and $2.50 Per I>ay. 



'# 



This Hotel is conveniently and pleasantly situated, at a short distance from 
the principal Railroad Depots and Steamboat Landings in the city. 

Street Cars pass the door going either way. 

House furnished with electric call bells, elevators, hot and cold baths, and 
every convenience for the comfort of guests. 

The House has been remodelled and refurnished until it is second to none 
in the South in completeness. 

The table is supplied with every luxury afforded by this market. 



ITS PKINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 

OCEAN VIEW! 

THE SEA-SIDE 



61 



(or "^zmctntA* 



This delightful and tmsurpassed Summer Resort will he 
open for the accommodation of Guests 

ON MA.Y ist, 1882. 

The location is the most desirable on the South-Jtlantic 
Seaboard, being in full view of Capes Charles 
and Henry, the fRip-<Raps, with un- 
equalled surf bathing and 
fishing within a stones throw of the door. 
The fresh, invigorating breezes render the days delight- 
fully temperate, while the nights are cool 
and enjoyable. 
The CUISINE includes every luxury of the season, 
while Guests receive every attention and are provided 
with every possible comfort. 

The buildings have recently been enlarged and other- 
wise improved. As a Summer resort it offers unexcelled 

advantages. 

For further information, apply by telegraph or mail to 

J. A. KENNEDY, Proprietor, 

NORFOLK, VA. 



62 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

JORDAN house: 



'? 




ON THE AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLANS. 



IVCE^LS A^T ALL HOURS. 



Board and L.odgiiig, $1.00^ $1.35 and $1.50 Per I>aj. 



ISTo. 30 "W^est Market Square, 

3d door from Main Street, 

NORFOL1K7 VIRGIigiA. 



ALL GAME AND EVERYTHING FIRST OF THE SEASON, AT 

LOWEST RATES. 



AMOS P. JORDAN, Proprietor. 



BANKS AND BANKERS. 



HE banking facilities of a city may generally according to their limit 
be considered as forming the best possible index to the financial 
solidity or weakness of the corarannity in which they are situated. One 
of the first questions a man who wants to engage in mercantile pursuits 
in Norfolk or who desires to conduct a commercial acquaintance with our 
merchants is likely to ask is " How are your banking facilities ?" Banks 
form the great mediums of exchange between countries and common- 
wealths and not only constitute the bulwarks of trade but offer almost 
without exception the safest and surest investment for floating capital. 
The amount of capital invested in Norfolk's banks aggregate very nearly 
two and one half million of dollars, the basis of transactions the total of 
which place us as a banking community above many Southern cities of 
far greater numerical strength. While the sura mentioned may not seem 
a considerable one yet it is fully equal to all demands of trade upon it and 
what is more to the purpose money is never so light but what it can be 
obtained on good commercial paper at reasonable rates. 

The increase in the shipment of money into the country by our banks 
is shown by the statement that in November, 1880 one bank shipped in 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. G3 

currency to North Carolina $1,^00,000. The greatest stimulous during 
the year to the banking business is the movement of cotton at this port. 
The operations of the Clearing House greatly facilitate the prompt and 
accurate settlement of business. This institution was established in 1871 . 
Its members are the Presidents and cashiers of the following banks in the 
order in which they are recorded on the books of the Association : 
Exchange National Bank, John B, AYhitehead, President; George M. 
Bain, Jr., Cashier; Citizens Bank, W. H. Peters, President; Walter H. 
Doyle, Cashier; Marine Bank, Walter H. Taylor, President; Hugh N. 
Page, Acting Cashier ; Burruss, Sju & Co., and the Bank of Portsmouth , 
Hugh N. Page, Manager, has furnished us with an exhibit of the trans- 
actions of the Clearing House during November of each year beginning 
with 

1876 $1,252,675.40 

1877 1,117,280.26 

1878 1,230,756.26 

1879 1,500,925.61 

1880 2,024,200.02 

1881 2,626,233.68 

Particular attention is directed to the gain made during the month of 
November 1881, and to the fact that this is undoubtedly owing to the 
generally bettered condition of trade at large in the city. The Savings 
Banks of Norfolk of which there are several are conducted in each instance 
on a conservative and judicious policy and greatly assist in the furtherance 
of the material welfare of the large class of our people, clerks, mechanics, 
laborers and others who rely for support upon their periodical earnings, 
and what they are able to lay by therefrom. Wild speeulation and com- 
mercial o-amblino; are unknown here and it is safe to assume that the 
monied institutions of Norfolk under their present competent manage- 
ment constitute together the strongest piller in the edifice of our financial 
weal. 



(^Chartered under State Laics, 1st July, 1878.') 

directors: 

JAS. E. BARRY, D. C. WIIITEHURST, .JAS. REID, SAM'L. MARSH, 

J. VICKEBY, B. T. BOCKEVER, R. W. SANTOS, 

W. A. GRAVES, W. S, TVI1.KINSON. 

TRANSACTS A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS. COLLECTIONS MADE 

ON ALL POINTS AT CURRENT RATES. INTEREST ALLOWED ON 

DEPOSITS IN SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. 



N. Y. Correspondent, NATIONAL PARK BANK ; Phila. Correspondent, FIRST NATIONAL BANK ; 
Boston Correspondent, MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK. 



64 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK 

OF NORFOLK, VA. 

• ■ - 

f ($ionatccl Repository ami ^iuaiuml g^gcut of t\xt ^Inifert .^tatrs. 

AUTHORIZED CAPITAL - - - _ 
PAID IN CAPITAL 



a. 

< 

UJ 

X 
Ul 

OQ 

z 

X 

o 



4> 

•a 



Q- 



Z 

< 
QQ 

(D 

</> 
UJ 




$500,000. 




$300,000. 






a 




m 




O 




30 




o 




m 


^^ 




> 


^ 


S 




m 


03 


v> 


> 


X 


Z 


H 


-1 


O 


~ 


o 


o 



3; 

5" 



Hon. JOHN B. WHITEHEAD, R. T. K. BAIN, JAMES G. BAIN, 

JOHN JAMES, R. H. McUONALl), CHAS. JENKINS, 

ORLANDO WINDSOR. 

STATEMENT OF THE CONDITION OF THE 

EXCH^lSraE NATIONAL BAISTK, 

At the Close of Business, December 31st, 1881. 
RESOURCES. 



Loans and Discounts $2,281,916 66 

United States Bonds 602,300 00 

Other Bonds and Stocks 202,504 39 

Real Estate, Furniture, &c.. 75,336 30 

Due from Eeserve Agents... 421,170 51 

Due from other Bks. & Bkrs. 191,576 11 

Due from U. S. Treasurer... 15,535 35 

Specie 130,510 90 

Currency 135,300 00 

Checks and other Cash Items 52,480 03 



$4,008,630 25 



LIABILITIES. 

Capital Stock $300,000 00 

Surplus Fund 150,000 00 

Undivided Profits 106,309 10 

Circulation 270,000 00 

Dividends Unpaid 700 00 

Due to Bankers and Brokers 369,641 17 

Individual Deposits 2,739,960 63 



U. S. Deposits. 



72,019 25 
$4,008,630 35 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTBIES AND TRADE8. 65 

{;K0. E. BOWDEN, Presidom. GEO. S OLDEIELD, Vico-Prca't. H. C. PEUCY, Tashier. 

w 

Norfolk, Virginia. 

CHARTERED 1874. 






STATE INSTITUTION 



Transact a Legitimate Banking Business 

in all its Branches. Buy and sell excliange on all 
Principal Cities of Europe. 

Collections in Virginia and North Carolina 

entrusted to us will receive prompt and 
careful attention. 

Cash Capital Paid in - - $20,000 00 
Surplus 3,000 00 

Six Per Cent. Interest Paid on Savings Deposits. 

H. B. KICHOLS SAML. HOFFLIN GEO. E. BOWDEN, F. RICHARDSON. 

J. R. GILLETT, S. E. BICKFORD, B. F. BOLSOM, Capt. E. PICKUP, 

GEO. S. OLDFIELD, J. H. WEMPLE. 

S^" Deposits may be sent by Mail or Express and Bank Book will be 
promptly sent. 

THE MAKINE BANK, 

OF NORFOLK, VA. 



CHARTERED BY THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. 



W. S. TAYLOR, HUGH N. JPAGB^ 

President. Acting Cashier. 

Collections remitted for on day of payment. No charge for collectioni 

payable with exchange. No extra charge for Collections 

on Richmond, Petersburg, Lynchburg, 

and Suffolk, Va. 



DIRECTORS; 

JAS. T. BORUM, of W. F. Allen & Co., Wholesale Grocers. 
KADER BIGGS, of Kader Biggs & Co.. Commission Merchants. 
M. L. T. DAVIS, of M. L. T. Davis & Co., Wholesale Grocers. 
C. B. DUFFIELD, Attorney at Law. 

W. W. GWATHMEY, of Gwathmey & Co., Commission Merchanta. 
L. HARMANSON, of Harmanson & Heath, Attorneys at Law. 
B. P. LOYALL, of Taylor & Loyall, Family Grocers. 
WASHINGTON REED, of Peters & Reed. Commission Merchant*. 
CHAS. REID, of Chas. Reid & Son, Commission Merchants. 



66 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

WM. H. PETERS, President. WM. W. CHAMBERLAINE, Tice Prest. 

WALTER H, DOYLE, Cashier. 

OF NORFOLK, VA. 

INCORPORATED UNDER STATE LAWS, IN 1867, 

CApital, $50,000 - Surplus, $25,000 

WM. H. PETERS. WM. W. CHAMBERLAINE. GEO. C. REID. 

CHARLES H. ROWLAND. T. A. WILLIAMS. .1. G. WOMBLE. 

WALTER H. DOYLE. 

Bank of Discount and Deposit. Discount Days, Wednesday and Saturday. 

Interest allowed on Savings Deposits. Exchange Issued 

on all Principal Cities of Europe. 

©olkeicis Mfflie aiii f pohi^Uf ^emitei. 

NEW YORK CORRESPONDENT, 

Bank of New York— National Banking Association. 
FURNITURE, CARPETS AND PIANOS. 



$ORFOLIv can justly boast of possessing the largest and handsomest 
warerooms and stocks in this line to be found south of Philadelphia. 
The varieties displayed include parlor, drawing-room, chamber, office and 
school furniture, made from the most exquisitely chiseled rosewood or 
the common Virginia pine — the most exacting tastes may be satisfied. 
Among the articles usually found in these houses are also window shades, 
clocks, mattresses, baby carriages, picture cords, tassels, &c. The firms 
in the business are liberal and enterprising, and their goods are always 
purchased direct from the factories. Carpets of every quality and design, 
from the ordinary American makes to the more elegant and expensive 
Axminster, constitute an important part of their stock, while mattings 
and many novel floor coverings can be had in profusion. From the most 
renowned piano and organ factories of the world these instruments are 
obtained direct, and are offered with the most absolute guarantees, at the 
same prices that are obtained at the factory. With $175,000 capital, 
sales aggregating $450,000 were made in 1881. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES, 67 

During the dull seasons, the heads of our principal firms in this busi- 
ness, visit in person the largest factories of the country and make such 
selections as, in their experienced judgments, are best adapted to the wants 
of their particular trade. 

North Carolina and Virginia purchasers find Norfolk an excellent and 
advantageous market in which to make theirselections, and each succeed- 
ing year brings increased business to our merchants. The sale of pianos 
and organs has grown of late to be very large, owing, no doubt, to the 
superiority of the instruments offered, together with scrupulous guar- 
antee of our dealers. Experience has taught our people that it is far 
wiser, more economical and satisfactory to do business with merchants at 
home, who are in every sense reliable and responsible, merchants whose 
reputations are above imputation, and who are always accessible when 
guarantees are to be made good. Some of the firms in this business 
are composed of men who are appreciated for their commercial and moral 
worth, and they are recognized as enterprising, wide-awake, prominent 
citizens. 

WM. B. EOGEKS & CO , 

Nos. 184 and 186 Main Street, 

(JOHNSON'S HALL BUILDING.) 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 

FURNITURE! 

Parlor, Chamber and Dining Suits, a Specitalty. 

Spring Beds of Every Style. Hair, Shuck, 

Straw and Cotton Mattresses. 

Childrens Carriages, Wagons and Velocipedes. 

And everything appertaining to the Furniture Business can be 
found at the Popular Furniture Store of 

W. B. ROQERS & CO. 



68 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE 




:.A.ST1¥EM 




Cor. Main and G-ranby Streets. 

THE OLDEST FURNITURE HOUSE IN NORFOLK 




The Largest and Most Complete Stock 

OF ANY HOUSE IN OUR BUSINESS IN VIRGINIA. 

OUR FURNITURE DEPARTMENT 

Is most complete, embracing every article ■wanted to furnish a house, from the cheap- 
est to the most elaborate and expensive quality. 

Is fully stocked with all grades of floor covering, from that wanted by the poor man 
for his cottage, to the finest Velvet or Brussels Carpet for the mansion of the rich. 

We call especial attention to our MUSIC DEPARTMENT. We keep constantly a 
large assortment of the very best PIANOS made in the World, comprising the cele- 
brated instruments of CHIOKERING & SONS, STEINWAl & SONS, HENRY F. 
MILLER and W. P. EMERSON. Every instrument sold at manufacturers' pricea 
and guaranteed for five years. 

Our Prices are Guaranteed as Low as in New York or Baltimore. 



1865-1882. 



THE NORFOLK VIRGINAN 




Cor- MAIN AND COMMERCE STREETS- 

PUBLISHED 



M. G-LENN AN, Owner. 



NORFOLK, VA. 



NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING THE 
BEST MEDIUM TO SUCCESS. 



Success depends upon the selection of proper mediums and persistency. 
The best medium, in our judgment, is a good newspaper. — Gillman, Colla- 
MORE & Co, 



We have tried almost every medium in advertising and long ago became 
convinced that the results were largely in favor of newspapers. — Irvin, 
Blakeman, Taylor & Co. 



Advertise largely in first-class newspapers and you are bound to do a 
trade. — Elricu & Co. 



Of all the methods open to the merchant for advertising his business, an 
experience of nearly half a century enables us to unhesitatingly declare in 
favor of the newspaper. It is, without exception, the most economical, 
persistent, painstaking and successful canvasser any business firm can 
secui-e— Lord & Taylor. 



I have spent thousands of dollars in advertising in all the old and new 
fangled methods and have long been satisfied that if a man tells the truth 
in the newspaper, he is sure to get ample return for his money. — J. H. 

JOHKSON. 



ADVERTISE IN THE VIRGINIAN. 



The Norfolk Virginian. 



The first number of the Virginian was issued November 21st, 1865, by 
Messrs. G. A. Sykes & Co. A, M. Keiley, Esq., and Captain James Barron 
Hope where the Editors, and tlie hvte Holt Wilson, Esq., had charge of the 
Local Department. Col. J. Eichard Lewellen was the Inisiiiess manager. 




CO U MING KOUM. 

The office was then located on Main Street, opposite the Exchange National 
Bank, now Hoffman's Dyeing Establishment. The prospectus set forth that 
" apart from the usual features of journalism, we design that the Virginian 
should be specially devoted to the advancement of the prosperity of Nor- 
folk and her sister city, and the large section of Virginia whose interests are 
common with them." Five months after the first issue a change in the 
ownership and staff occurred, an interest in the paper having been purchased 
by Col. Lewellen. Capt. Hope and Mr. Wilson retired from the paper, and 
Col. William E. Cameron, the present Governor of Virginia, assumed the 
Editorship. Some months afterwards a new company was formed, consisting 



of Col. J R. Lewellen, Solomon Hodges, Edward H. Hodges, T. B. Ruffin 
and J. C. Adkisson, under the firm name of J. R. Lewellen & Co. In 
November, 1866, Col. Lewellen withdrew in order to take charge of the 
Norfolk Journal. His interest was purchased by the remaining partners 
and the firm name was changed to S. Hodges & Co., with J. Marshall 
Hanna as Editor. 

In January, 1867, the management of the paper was tendered to M Glen- 
nan, Esq., (then only in his twenty-second year) and on the 17th of the 
month he entered upon the discharge of the duties of the position. The new 
firm made their purchase of the Virgintan on a capital of fifty five dol- 
lars, the total amount of spare change in their pockets, and the terms of 
the agreement were, that the entire purchase money should be paid in twH> 
years, in equal weekly instalments, and a failure to meet any one of the 
payments would be considered a forfeiture and the payments made looked 
upon as only so much rent. Mr. Hanna retiring from the Editorship after 
a service of a few months, the position was offered to and accepted by Capt- 
Hope. In November, 1867, Mr. Glennan purchased an interest in the 
paper, and on August 1st, 1868, the office was removed to Nos. 56 and 58 
Roanoke x\ venue, a building errected expressly for the purpose, enlarged 
quarters being required in order to meet the increased business demands of 
the paper. On February 9, 1870, Mr. Sol. Hodges disposed of his interest 
to the other members of the company, and the firm name was changed to 
Glennan, Ruffin & Co. Iji the following year Mr. Edward H. Hodges, on 
account of failing health, sold his interest, and on December 14, 187-, Mr, 
Glennan purchased the interest of Mr. T. B, Rufiin, and the firm named 
was changed to Glennan & Adkisson. On 1st October, 1873, Capt. Hope 
retired from the editorship of the Virginian, in order to enter upon the 
same duties of The Landmark, with which paper he was likewise con- 
nected in the ownership. The lamented Capt. John Hampden Chamber- 
layne, one of the ablest and most brilliant journalists of the country, was 
selected to fill the vacancy. The business of the paper having steadily 
increased, it was found necessary either to seek new quarters or improve the 
premises then occupied, and the owners of the property assenting to the 
latter in consideration of a renewal of the lease, then expiring, for a new 
term of six years, a new story was added to the building for the special use 
of the composing room of the newspaper department, the job room occupy- 
ing the entire second floor. This improvement was completed in the latter 
part 1873. On 11th of March, 1876 Capt. Chamberlayne retired from the 
paper, in order to commence the publication of his paper. The State, in 
Richmond. Capt. John S, Tucker, afterwards Mayor of Norfolk, was 
tendered and accepted the editorialship. On March 24th, 1876, Mr. J. C. 
Adkisson disposed of his interest to Mr. Glennan, in consequence of which 
ihe latter became sole owner of the paper. 



In June, 1-S78, Mr. Gleinuiii, finding that the increased business of The 
ViK(;rNiAN required more commodious quarters and greater facilities, and 
al the same time wishing a more central and convenient location, purchased 
the iarge and splendidly-built four story brick building on the S E. corner 
of Main and Commerce Streets, tlien known as the Goofle House. This lo- 
cation is in tlie very business centre of the city, on the principal thorough- 
fare, and in the immediate vicinity of the Post Office, banks and banking 
liouses, telegraph offices. &c. Immediate steps were taken to improve it 
The entire interior of the building was changed, the lower fronts on Com- 




EIHTORIAL ROOMS. 

merce and Main Streets remodelled by putting in a handsome open front. 
The two lower floors were divided into stores and offices from which a reve- 
nue could be derived, not only to pay the interest on the investment, but 
also materially assist in reducing the principal. The corner office on the 
ground floor, was reserved for the counting room of Thk Viroixian. The 
two upper stories were devoted entirely to the mechanical departments of 
the office. The composing, stereotyping and drying rooms occupying the 
upper story, and the extensive job room and bindery the third floor. On thi.s 
floor was also located the editorial rooms and private office, but recently, the 
increased business demands of the job office and bindery requiring morespace, 
the editorial rooms were removed to the upper story, in order to give the 



job and bindery departments tbe entire use of the third floor. In the rear of the 
main buihling was errected the press and engine room, and connecting the press 
room with the composing and job rooms is an elevator used for lowering and 
hoisting the newspaper and job forms. Every store, office and work room 
in the building is supplied with water, and water closets for the needs of 
tenants and employees are place on each floor. Every convenience and 
improvement for the rapid dispatch of business introduced. Nothing was 
overlooked tiiat would tend to facilitate work and add to comfort. The 
purchase and improvements, including the cost of a magnificent press, built 
expressly for the Virginian and capable of printing two papers at a time, 
were made at an outly of nearly twenty thousand dollars. On the first of 
January, 1879, the new quarters were formerly occupied, the entire removal 
of all the effects from the old office having been made the day previous, 
without a break in the usual business, and the event was celebrated by the 
issue of an eight page paper, giving a full record of the local events of the 
previous year, a history of our municipal government, and a review of the 
city's trade. The illustrations wmII give a very accurate idea of The 
Virginian Building and some of its work rooms. On the 31st of March, 
1880, Capt. Tucker retired from the Editorship, which department has since 
been conducted by Mr. Glennan. 

Such in brief is the sketch of the business career of The Virginian. It 
is a record of successful journalism unparalelled in history of the press of 
the South. And while its success as a business venture has been recognized* 
so also has its influence as a leading journal been conceded. In all matters 
relating the advancement and prosperity of Norfolk its opinions have been 
respected, and in the advocacy of all measures that tended to develop the 
great natural resources of Virginia, its record has been most enviable. Its 
establishment found Norfolk occupying "the least place among the great 
Atlantic ports." Now Norfolk occupies a proud position and ranks as the 
second cotton port in the country. Then military rule "foreign to the gen- 
ius of our government, and utterly incompatible with liberty," held sway in 
the Commonwealth, now we enjoy tbe blessings of " Home Rule," and dur- 
ing the last decade Virginia has shown an increase in population of nearly 
three hundred and fifty thousand. Her vast mineral wealth is being rapidly 
developed, agriculture is largely and profitably engaged in, railroads are ex- 
tending in every direction, steamboat lines have been and are being estab- 
lished, and on every hand, and on every side we have evidences of wonder- 
ful enterprise, and witness the cheering results of thrift and progress. 

During its career. The Virginian has constantly supported the cardinal 
principles and leading measures of the National Democratic Party, believ- 
ing the success of that party best calculated to promoted the prosperity of 
all sections of our common country. It has insisted upon reform in all 
branches of the public service and economy in the administration of National 



State and Local Government. It has been a faithful defender of public 
credit, and has earnestly struggled to preserve tiie honor of Virginia from 
being sullied in the slightest by the taint of repudiation. It points with 
satisfaction to its advocacy of the formation of a Paid Fire Department, the 
establishment of the City Water Works, tbe consolidation of the railroads 
forming the present Norfolk and Western Railroad, the redemption of the 
Second Congressional District in 187G, and it is with special pride that it 
alludes to the success that attended its efforts in bringing about a National 
Celebration of the Centennial of the Surrender of Lord Cornwallis to 
General ( ior)r<ro Wnsliir'g'on, and the stops taken by Cnno'ress' for the erection 




THL I'KLSS KOO.M. 

of the monument voted by the Continental Congress, commemorative of the 
great victory achieved by the combined armies of America and France, 
which finished the war of Independence, established the United State? of 
America, and was the crowning epoch of- the Revolutionary struggle. In 
recognition of The Virginian's services in this matter, Mr. Glennan was 
honored by Governor Holliday with the appointment of Commissioner to 
represent Virginia at the Centennial, and Capt. Tucker was selected by 
Senator Johnston as the Secretary of the Yorktown Centennial Commission. 
In its desire to advance the business and commercial interests of Norfolk. 
The Virginian has spared neither labor or expense, and its efforts in this 



respect have elicited and commanded not only words of praise from our 
l>eo[)le, but the most favorable conunent-i from the press of the country. 
S[)ecially for this purpose it inaugurated the issuing of eight and twelve-page 
"special mammoth editions," when ten thousand c<)j)ies of each were issued 
and circulated all over the country. These issues contained the first general 
exhibit of the trade and commerce of Norfolk in all its branches. By this 
means the outside world was made acquainted with the rapid strides our 
city has taken in its onward march. The magnitude of this growth was ex- 
plained by tables of statistics, showing with the brevity of figures the kind 




TllK VIRGINIAN BOOK AND JOB riilNTlNG li.S rABLlSIIMKN l' 

and quality of business done at this port, and the " issues" contained maps 
of the city, with a plan of proposed extension, and of its trade area, exhibit- 
ing railroad, steamshij) and canal lines terminating at iSorfolk. They were 
also illustrated with views of the city and harbor. The press of the country 
compiled statements of Norlblk's trade from these editions of Tiiic Virgin- 
ian, and by this means our prosperity was heralded throughout the land. 

Such so far has been the work of Thk Virginian. It has not been as 
complete as it would wish it, yet it has been as complete as its means and its 
labors permitted. But for the kind assistance of a generous public, wdio 
have ever shown their appreciation, it could not have been as successful as 
it has been. In the future as in the past it will seek to merit that confidence 
and support that has always been extended. 

THE VIRGINIAN BOOK AND JOB PRINTING ESTABLISH M !• N P. 

This department of The Virginian's bus'ness is the tnnst extensive and 
complete of any establishment in Eastern Virginian and North Carolina. Its 
facilities for turning out work are unexcelled, and we are prepared to exe- 




OUR BINDERY, BLANK-BOOK MANUFACTORY, AND RULING DEPARTMENT. 

Besides its job printing; Establishment, The Virginian has also an ex- 
tensive Bindery and Blank Book Manufactory and Paper Ruling Depart- 
ment, by which it is prepared to manufacture, in the best manner and at 
the shortest notice, all kinils of blank books, such as ledgers, journals, cash 
and day books, invoice and order books, check and note books, and bills of 
lading books, in any manner that may be needed, and at figures that will 
compete with the lowest Northern rates. This department is in the charge 
of experienced and competent workmen, and we guarantee our work to com- 
pete in quality and style with any. Old books rebound, and pamphlets, 
magazines, music, newspapers, periodicals bound in the best style. By the 
addition of our Ruling Departtnent we are able to fill all orders for letter 
heads, bill heads, note heads, railroad and steamboat blanks, and all work 
of this nature, at reduced rates. Orders solicited and promptly attended to. 
Address, " Virginian," Cor. Main and Commerce Sts. Norfolk, Va. 



1865-188 




9 



i(p.^. 






VIRGINIAN BUILDING, 

Corner Main and Commerce Sreets, Norfolk, Va. 



(M. GLENNAN, Owner.) 

• 

SUBSCPvIPTION, $,500 PER ANNUM. 

The Daily Virginian is an unrivalled medium through which the public of 
Eastern and Tide-water Virginia and North Carolina may he leached. Its success has 
been without a parallel in the History of tlie Press of Virginia, Its circulation ex- 
ceeds that of any other paper published in Ei stern Virginia. Its city circulation is 
greater that than that of any other. Proof. — Bills of Paper, Postage, Keceipts, and 
Books of Subscription. 

THE DOLLAR WEEKLY VIRQINIAN. 

ONE OF THE CHEAPEST AND BEST NEWSPAPERS IN THE SOUTH. 

Its Summary of the News of each week by Telegraph and Mail will be complete. Itt 
Market Reports are accurate and compiled witli great care. Its Af/rieultural Depart- 
me«< will make it of great interest to the Farmer and Planter. Its Family Reading 
Matter will render it most acceptable and interesting to all. Its Political Opinions will 
be uttered without reserve, and oppression from any quarter will befearlesly resisted 
on all occasions. 

We call the especial attention of advertisers to the inducements held out to them 
through the medium of the Weekly Virginian. Its circulation is very extensive 
through Eastern and South-western Virginia, and all through Eistern and Central 
North Carolina, and is in excess of the combined circulation of all others in this city. 

BOOK andTob^printing, 

We are prepared to execute with promptness all kinds of 
TO A MAMMOTH POSTER. 

FINE AND COLOR PRINTING A SPECIALTY. 

BOOKS and PAMPHLETS of any Style printed neatly, in any size letter, at prices 
to compete with Northern Publishing Houses. 



THE VIRGINIAN BOOK BINDERY 

AND 

PAPER RULING ROOMS. 

RULING AND BINDING.— Tho.se in need of work in this line will do well to 
obtain figures from the Virginian Book Bindery, before giving orders eLsewhere. 

PAPEK of any size ruled to any desired pattern. BLANK BOOKS, &c., made to 
order. The Binding of MUSIC a specialty. OLD BOOKS PE-BOUND in the 
best possible manner, and at reasonable rates. GILDING promptly and neatly 
executed. 



JUDICIOUS ADVERTISING 
SECURES SUCCESS. 



He -who invests Oue Dollar in Business, should invest One Dollar in 
Advertising that Business. — A. T. Stewart. 



Constant and persistent Advertising is a sure prelude to wealth. 
Stephen Girard. 



I have most complete faith in printer's ink. Advertising is the royal 
road to business. — P. T. Barnum. 



If a man can do Business he should let it be known. — Benjamin 
Franklin. 



My success is owing to my liberality in advertising. — Egbert T. Bonner. 



ADVERTISE IN THE VIRGINIAN! 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 69 

WINES AND LIQUORS. 



/«I»T no period has the wholesale wine and liquor trade of Norfolk been 
"-^j V in better condition than at present. Always large, it has received 
an impetus in sympathy with other wonderfully growing trades of the 
city, and while a few years ago only a limited business was done in a 
limited field, to-day our firms make shipments to the far South and 
Southwest ; indeed, in the Northern States many Norfolk brands of 
liquors are in demand. Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and 
Georgia have proved excellent markets for our goods, and dealers have 
not been backward in successfully occupying the field, in competition 
with dealers of other cities. The purest and richest French, German 
and native wines, fermented liquors, Bourbon and corn whiskies of the 
great West are kept in stock, as are also many fancy liquors, of late so 
popular with those who "smile." The total sales for 1881 amounted 
to within a fraction of $500,000, divided between firms with a consoli- 
dated capital of $150,000. 

The retail trade of the city is large, too, the annual scales reaching 
fully $500,000. German habits and customs, now so common among 
our people, have succeeded in revolutionizing the retail trade. Light 
wines, beer, ale, or similar refreshing beverages are now drunk to the 
partial exclusion of stronger liquors. The retail wine and liquor stores 
of the city are supplied with every description of goods, those of every 
clime, quality or vintage, and the most cultivated palate can be suited. 

W. F. ALLEN, 

Liquor Merchant, 

90 Water Street, NORFOLK, VA. 

obax.e:r zz!t 

Old Corn, Antler, Gaff's Star, Imperial Wedding, 
Auroro and Gaff's WHISKIES, 

RUM, GIN, AND BRANDIES, 

ORDERS SOLICITEID. 



70 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

JOSEPH KLEPPER, 
Rhine Wine Rooms^ 

ORCHESTRION AND BILLIARD HALLS, 

SUMMEr'^^W' GARDEN, 

M3 and 145 Church Street, Nearly opp. Opera House, 
NORFOLK, VA. 

8@"Lunch Rooms contain all kinds of American and German delicacies."^® 

FINE OLD LIQUORS) PRIME LAGER BEER. 

Orchestrion Concerts every night, and Instrumental Concerts at intervals through 
the week. 

The Entire premises have just been renovated for the Spring and Summer seasons 
and the Main and Billiard Halls beautifully frescoed. 

A FIRST-CLASS PLACE IN EVERY PARTICULAR. 



Philad elph ia. Pa. 

GRAND REFRIGERATOR DEPOT for the STORING and DE- 
LIVERY of LAGER BEER to the TRADE of Norfolk, Portsmouth and 
Vicinity, also chief distributing point for Eastern Virginia and Eastern and 
Central North Carolina. 

Orders respectfully solicited and carefully and promptly executed, direct 
from the Icehouse, 

THE BERGNER AND ENGEL BREWING COMPANY, 

NORFOLK DEPOT AND OFFICE : 

Madison Street, near Clyde Line Wharves. 

F. V/. ADAMS, Manager. 






ITS PRINCIPAL I>DUSTRIE8 AND TRADES. 71 

No. 4 A TLANTIC HOTEL, NORFOLK , VA. 



* 



DEALER IN 



c:?OKrx:>i3V!ti33xrTs, cA;c. 
No. 8 BANK STREET, NORFOLK, VA. 

G-ROCERIES. 



HE Grocery jobbing trade commands one of the most important and 
influential positions of any line of business represented in our 
mercantile community. During the past year the sales have amounted 
to $5,000,000, an unprecedented increase over those of former years 
which the business of the retail establishments also for the same period 
footed up to between $1,500,000 and $2,000,000. 

The gain in volume of traffic in 1881 over that in 1880 was a most 
gratifying one, the percentage being about 20 per cent. Failures in the 
business during the period covered have been few and far between ; there 
are none of any moment to be chronicled, but, on the contrary, we have 
to record only the constantly growing financial strength of the trade. 
Some few unimportant embarrassments have been reported, but those 
have been only of such a nature as was not calculated to affect business 
or to lower materially the standard of success in the years balance-sheet. 
The maintenance of these conditions points to a healthy normal condi- 
tion of affairs, and to the good judgment and discretion which charac- 
terize the management of the business in Norfolk and the sagacity of 
the men by whom it is conducted. 

The stocks of groceries usually kept on hand are as a rule of an ex- 
tensive and varied character and are composed of commodities generally 
to be found in the largest houses, such as flour, meats, lard, sugars, 
coffees, teas, syrups, .salt, fish, powder, shot, fancy articles, candy &c., &g. 

These necessaries besides being sent all over Virginia, North and 
South Carolina, Georgia and Tenessee, in varying qualities, from a car 
load to a single box or barrel, are also shipped to every part of the 
Southern Seaboard. Excellent transportation facilities to and from the 



72 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

great Western Agricultural Mechanical and Commercial centres and con- 
stant communication by sail and steam with every principal port at the 
North and in Europe, there exists no well founded reason why Norfolk 
should not be able to secure and independently maintain a large share 
of the Southren grocery trade. The removal of freight discriminations 
against this city will undoubtedly aid in this development and it is to 
the deepest interest of our merchants to use their utmost influence 
toward this end. 

It is important for our prosperity that the managers of railroads favor- 
able to the interests of Norfolk should inaugurate a system of prorating 
upon freight so that freights from here throughout the South shall have 
the advantage oi as cheap rates of carriage as freights from more Northern 
points. It is safe to assume that when we begin to reap the benefits of 
this plan our grocery trade will rapidly increase its proportions. One 
item that bids fair to form a considerable factor *n enlarging the grocery 
trade here, is the direct importation of coffee in vessels which will be 
able to return with cargoes abtainable from the West, when the trans- 
portation facilitates with that section which are now being consummated 
are finally secured. The approximate amount of capital invested in the 
grocery business here is $550,000. Total sales $7,000,000. 

THEODORICK A. WILLIAMS. WM. C. DICKSON. 

T. A. WILLIAMS &. DiCKSON, 

■rocers. 



ISTos. 3 and 4= Roanoke Square, 

nORFOIsK, VA. 
SALT, MOLASSES AND FLOUR, 

BY THE CAB LOAD, A SPECIALTY. 

STRICT PERSONAL ATTENTION given to all ORDERS entrusted 
to our care, and with a FULL STOCK of all classes of goods pertaining to 
the WHOLESALE GROCERY BUSINESS, we are enabled to offer 
special inducements to our PATRONS. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 73 

ESTABLISHED 1871. 



E. T. POWELL, J. R. POWELL. 

E. T. POWELL i, SON, 

(Successors to EASTHAM, POWELL & CO.) 

Wholesale Grrocers, 

90 Water Street ® 41 Commerce Street, 






^iSK^w ^*5fS»^ 'swOTj;?^^ \\\\\\\\\^ ^^sjji!*' i^wss^js; 



LARGE DEALERS IN 

FLOUR, MEATS, SUGARS, 

Coffee^ Teas, Syrups, Salt, 
Lard, Mackerel, Herring, 

AND IN FACT ALL ARTICLES USUALLY KEPT IN A 

WHOLESALE GROCERY HOUSE. 

Special inducement offered to Prompt Paying and Cash 
customers. 



74 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

ESTABLISHED 1871. 



E. T. POWFXL, J- R. POWELL. 

E, T, POWELL &, SON, 

(Successors to EASTHAM, POWELL & CO.) 

Wholesale (irocers, 

90 Water Street @ 41 Commerce Street, 

LARGE DEALERS IN 

FLOUR, MEATS, SUGARS, 

Coffee^ Teas, Syrups, Salt, 
Lard^ Mackerel, Herring, 

AND IN FACT ALL ARTICLES USUALLY KEPT IN A 

WHOLESALE GROCERY HOUSE, 

Special inducements offered to Prompt Paying and Cash 
customers. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 75 

ESTABLISHED 1865. 

M. L. T. DAYIS & CO., 

GROCERS, 



AND DEALERS IN 



Provisions, 

FLOUR, FISHISALT. 

GAR-LOAD SALES made a specialty, 

AND THE 
LOWEST POSSIBLE FREIGHT RATES SECURED. 



91 V\^ATER STREET, 

(CORNER COMMERCE,) 



76 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

W. F. ALLEN. ESTABLISHED 1864. J. T. BORUM. 



W. F. ALLEN & CO. 

Wholesale Grocers, 

9ewraST.&18,22,26&30ll0TH[RnLilNE, ' 



li7]^Ht^li 



«^ FLOUR AND MEATS A SPECIALTY. "^ 
Special attention given to CAK LOAD quantities of 

MOLASSES. FLOUR, MEATS AND SALT. 



G. & R. BARRETT, 

Wholesale Grocers, 



S. W. Cor. Water St , and Eoanoke Square, 



NORFOLK, VA. 



Flour and Butter are our Specialties. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 77 

oronisr z. i*o\«rE^ 

WHOLESALE AND RERAIL DEALER IN 

Fine Family Groceries, Ship Stores, Provisions, 

FINE WINES, LIQUORS, CIGARS, TOBACCO, &c., &o. 

13 and 15, Corner Market Square and 1, 3 and 5 Union Street, 

ROASTED COFFEE AND FINE TEAS A SPECIAIiTY. 



FLOUR AND GRIST MILLS. 



mORFOLK is without a competitor in the superior quality of flour 
C^ manufactured by her mills, and their productions find ready sale 
in our home and foreign markets. The climate of Norfolk being humid, 
our mills are enabled to produce a better grade of family flour than even 
those of the more famous milling districts of the State. In Eastern sec- 
tions of Virginia and North Carolina there are very few mills, and Nor- 
folk supplies the demand of this estensive trade area, it being a well-known 
fact that the wholesale groceries of the city handle it in such quantities 
that the mills are never with large stocks on hand, and that our mer- 
chants also deal in this specialty to a much greater extent than do those 
of other business centres with a general trade of the same volume as ours. 
Our mills also turn out a very superior quality of meal, which is bolted 
through silk cloths, a process not applied in a great many mills in the 
South. The mills in this city are built of brick, furnished with the latest 
and most improved machinery. Combined, they contain thirteen run of 
burrs, and can produce daily 150 barrels of flour, 850 bushels of bolted 
meal, and about 200 barrels of hominy. '-Old Dominion," and "Purity," 
are two of the most popular brands manufactured, and they are known 
to consumers as the the best goods obtainable in this market. With every 
facility for the cheap delivery of coal at Norfolk, which we are sure will 
soon be completed, and the advent of grain in large quantities from the 
far AYest, the milling interest will undoubtedly take the leading position 
in our list of manufactures. A few years ago one mill sufficed to stock 
the market with home-made goods, and even then its success was not 
fully established, while to-day the two mills referred to are kept going at 
their maximum capacity. 



78 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

NORFOLK CITY MILLS 




MANUFACTURE ALL GRADES OF 

Flour and 

PURCHASERS OF GRAIN 

^T A.LL TIMES. 

LYMAN & CO., 

Hardy's Wharf. NORFOLK, VA. 

SEEDSMEN. 



^URROUNDED by such an immense trucking area, it is not at all 
CK surprising that the seed business has grown and prospered to the 
very great extent which it has. Sales are not made exclusively to 
truckers, however, but shipped from here to almost all parts of the 
United States, where people desire to cultivate vegetables, flowers, &c., 
I that have found successful propagation in this section. The seedsmen of 
Norfolk grow most of their seed under their own, or such supervision as 
will insure the highest state of perfection and vitality. They handle 
very few fancy seed, but aim specially to produce such as are best adapted 
,to the Southern climate. 

The large and substantial patronage enjoyed by dealers in this line, in 
this city, is sufficient proof that they conduct the business upon the most 
correct principles. To build up and retain the trade of our truckers from 
year to year requires the most conscientious, earnest watchfulness, upon 
the dealer's part, for the purity and reliability of his goods, besides a 
thorough understanding of the most minute details of the business, even 
to planting, cultivating, gathering and handling when in stock. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 79^ 

GEORGE TAIT, 




IMPORTER OF AND DEALER IN 

Ewaiistt, q£BWW, fp£i\ictt t^mitmm /^t^b 

No. 7 Market Square, (East Side^, Norfolk, Va. 



STEAM BAKERIES. 



IIT may not be amiss at the opening of this brief sketch to remind the 
'*• reader that Norfolk crackers have gained nearly as favorable a repu- 
tation as Norfolk oysters, and that, we consider high praise of one of the 
principal products of our steam bakeries. In this business Norfolk does 
a profitable and quite extensive trade. We have here seven bakeries but 
one only operated by steam and adapted to doing business on a large scale. 
The local retail trade keeps the smaller establishments generally pretty 
busy and their wares find their best guarantee in their large consumption 
in the city. Of course the largest handlers of goods of this kind manu- 
factured here are the wholesale grocers and commission merchants, and 
this is so to such an extent that it is unusual to find goods manufactured 
elsewhere ever brought into competition with our own, the former as a 
rule could not stand it. The marine trade in the products of Norfolk's 
bakeries has long been very considerable, they being adapted to use in 
salt air and so made as to resist atmospheric changes. Large shipments^ 
of fancy cakes, crackers, tfcc, are also made to the South. The trade is 
greatly benefitted by being enabled to purchase its supplies, such as sugar, 
molasses, flour, etc., right here on the spot and this is productive of 
obviously good results. The total amount of capital invested in this 
branch in 1881 amounted to in the neighborhood of $350,000 ; and the 
prospects for the future are gratifying. 



80 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

JAH£S REID. W. T. NIMMO. C. C. REID. 

NORFOLK 

Steam Bakery, 



ESTABLISHED 1856. 




. E-, «f ^ gJQ 



»irifiS jpniiM m. 




■I 

Manufacturers of all kinds of Superior Excelsior 






BKEAD, CAKES, CRACKERS, &c. 

rsTo. Sr ]\d:aiii street, 

NORFOLK, VIRGINIA. 

Factory, Holt's Lane and Elizabeth Street. 



N. B.— Parties ordering tlieir Goods tliroiigli their COMMISSION 
MERCHANTS, will get them at FACTORY PRICES. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



81 



DRUGS, PAINTS AND OILS. 



HE Showing in this trade is excellent, and although its details are 
small, the business continues to grow in volume. Both wholesale 
and retail stores have about them all the appearances of prosperity, and 
they are pushing trade about as vigorously as it is possible for them to. 
Last year's transactions represented a monoy value of $450,000, divided 
between three wholesale and fourteen retail stores, having in all capital 
amounting to $150,000. The stocks are large and the stores handsome, 
the heavier goods being stored in large warehouses, where convenience 
and safety are matters of paramount importance. Besides Drugs, Paints 
and Oils, all our wholesale houses carry full lines of Window Glass, Per- 
fumery, Spices, Teas, Champagnes, Wines, &c., and fancy articles of the 
most beautiful design. The many indigeneous roots and herbs gathered 
in Virginia and North Carolina are shipped in large quantities from this 
city. Druggists and country merchants can secure as pure goods and at 
identically the same prices as can be had in any city in the Union, and 
in many instances purchases can be made here upon better terms than 
elsewhere. 





DEALERS m 



DRUGS, PAINTS, 

OILS, «fec., 
Cor. Water St. and Roanoke Sq., 



NORFOLK, VA. 



82 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

K. W, WEBB. JETSON JETT. W. W. COX. 

Vv^EBB, JETT & Cox, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 

Drugs, Chemicals, Paints, 

OILS, LEADS' 

GLASS, TOILET ARTICLES, &c. 

8 "W. Market Square, 
NORFOLK, VA. 

ALL ORDERS in person or by mail will be carefull and promptly 
attended to. 

M. A. & C. A. SANTOS, 

DEALERS IN 

Drugs, Paints, Oils, Window Glass, 

118 Main Street, cand 1, 2 and 3 Atlantic Street, 

NORFOLK, VA, 

Perfumery, Soaps, Segars, Surgical Instruments, Mineral Waters Lewis' White 
Lead, Atlantic White Lead, English White Lead, Pure French Zinc, Colors, Varnishes, 
Sand Paper, Chamois Skins, Brushes Sponges, Kerosene, Pratt's Astral, Fish, Safety, 
Linseed, Machinery and Other Oils. 

SOLE AGENTS FOR THE EMPIRE RUBBER PAINT, 

Ready-Mixed, White and all shades. Sample card on application. 

In addition to paints, we have always on hand a heavy stock of all Goods usually 
kept by Druofgists, and invite an examination of our stock and prices" We respect- 
fully invite the attention of buyers to our large and attractive stock of all articles in 
our line. To cash or responsible buyers we sell very low, and will supply good and 
saleable articles, which will give satisfaction. 

M. A. & C. A. SANTOS. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 83 

BUILDERS' MATERIAL. 

^O great has been the advance in this department of trade that the 
C[ hnmblest and cheapest dwellings in the city, built during the past 
few years, far surpass in durability, comfort and ornamentation, many 
costly edifices of Ibrmer times. While the character of these buildings 
has improved, the cost of building has been considerably decreased. The 
quality of bricks manufactured around Norfolk is good, and the competing 
yards being numerous, prices have been brought down to their lowest. 
Fine pressed bricks for fronts are obtained from Philadelphia and Balti- 
more, Norfolk yards making only rough work. 

Dealers in building material in the city occupy large warehouses, some 
of the largest in the city, and their stocks of finishing ^jimes. Cement, 
Plaster, Laths, Press, Cornice, Paving and Building Bricks, are large. 

Surrounded by saw mills, Norfolk is an excellent market for Sash, 
Doors, Blinds, Mouldings, Brackets, &c. Millions of feet of building 
material of home manufacture find ready purchasers, the quality of the 
material being good, at regular figures. Contractors find ample stocks 
for regular goods, and every facility for the prompt execution of their 
orders at the mills in and around the city. 

^ aronnr o» mjkWMJk^m^^ ~ 

100 & 102 WATER STREET, NORFOLK, VA. 

RECEIVER AND SHIPPER OF ALL, KINDS 

BUILDING AND FINISHING LIMES, 

Portland, Roman, Keene's and Rosendale Cement, 

CALCINE, DENTAL, CASTING AND LAND PLASTER, 

mnxhk Sw.s't, (JToal gu.^t, ^^nm, ^'m (JTIati. 

PRESS, ANGLE, COENICE, FIRE, PAVING AND BUILDING BEIGES, 

TAR, ROSIN, SLATES, &c. 
S^^ Special Eates in Freights and Prices for wholesale lots. 

NORFOLK'S EXPORT TRADE. 

• 

il HIS is a topic of such extent and such varied interest tliat it is found 
] ahnost impossible to do it full justice in the somewhat circum- 
scribed limits to whicii we are subject. The wonderful and constantly 
increasing growth of the export trade of the city of Norfolk has been 
unprecedented in the commercial annuals of any American community. 
The many doubts and anxieties which encompassed the establishment of 
the export trade and its subsequent incipient stages but which gradually 



84 NORFOLK A8 A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

faded away before its widely broadening influence and stability have at 
length given place to sentiments of the most thorough confidence in its 
permanency and importance. 

In the accomplishment of this grand result credit should not only be 
accorded to the efforts of our leading merchants, but the indefatigable 
efforts of the press of the city and state as well. 

The first cotton cargo ever shipped from this to a foreign port was 
that on board the ill-fated steamer Ephesus, in the Spring of 1866. 
The Ephesus was wrecked on Sable Island. This might have been con- 
sidered an ill omen for the future of the export trade, but fortunately 
its evil influence has not yet been made apparent. The value of the 
cargo of the Ephesus was $119,023; total exports for that year in as- 
sorted cargoes $413,405. For the year previous $11,538, all except a 
few hundred dollars worth of this being in stores. Thenceforth renewed 
efforts were made to foster a direct foreign trade. In 1874 almost 50,000 
bales of cotton were sent abroad, and prospects began to brighten. In 
1866 the cotton exports as stated above were valued at $119,023; in 
1880 they were $17,508,724. Total in 1866 $413,405— in 1880 
$18,005,158, and in 1881 $16,469,570. Comment is unnecessary. 

The Seaboard Compress Company operating two compresses ; The 
Virginia Compress Company operating one compress ; and the Shippers 
Compress Company operating three Compresses, one in Norfolk and two 
in Portsmouth are all doing a large business in compressing cotton for 
direct shipment, and with the advent of another season their facilities 
will be taxed to the utmost. An ever increasing need at this port is 
whirf facilities. Last season they were partially inadequate even with 
the large and elegant wharves errected by the N. & W. R. R. Company. 
This latter work by the way is a most important improvement and adds 
several thousand feet to our available water front. 

Cattle shipments from southwestern Virginia in 1880 promised to form 
a considerable factor in our exports, the value of this item shipped to 
Liverpool that year being $117,100. 

The following Tabular Statement will be found of interest : 
Exports of Cotton by Bales for 17 Years, from September 1st to August 31st, each Year : 

Bales. 

20,346 

. 67,512 

108,683 



Seasons. 
1865-'6 
1866-'7 
1867-'8 
18b8-'9 
1869-70 
1870-'l 
1871-'2 
1872-'3 



Bales. 


Seasons. 


733 


1873-'4 


14,168 


1874-'5 


8,379 


l875-'6 


7,527 


1876-'7 


4,745 


1877-'8 


5,142 


1878-'8 


4,687 


1879-'80 


8,282 


1880-'l 



116,855 
159,357 
203,536 
257,065 
328,818 



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ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES, 87 

Vice Consulates of GREAT BRITAIN, Agents for LLOYD'S, LIVERPOOL, 

NETHERLANDS, and GLASGOW, ITALIAN, DUTCH, 

BRAZIL. FRENCH and AUSTRIAN 

UNDERWRITERS 

j\d:YE:Rs & CO., 

(ESTABLISHED 1786.) 

Steamship Agents, Ship Brokers, 

AND 

GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 

Offices, Norfolk City And Hampton Roads, Va. 

Cable Address, " MYERS," Norfolk. 



/i^^ (S3^ «; 



AND SHIPPEES OF 



Cotton, Grain ^ Naval Stores, 



AND 



teff slit i tf Mf ifiitl iil% 



ALSO AGENTS OF 



SOUTH ATLANTIC STEAMSHIP LINE 



88 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

WHOLESALE BOOTS AND SHOES. 



\ 



$OUTHERN and Southwestern buyers have begun to realize the 
„j fact that prices here are in many instances identical with those at 
the factories, and often less, as our dealers buy in large quantities and 
when the market is dull, while the smaller dealer or the dealer further 
South, does not make his purchases until the season has fully oj)ened 
and then in smaller quantities. Thus it is that Norfolk Boot and Shoe 
Houses obtain all the adv^antages offered by an advanced market, and 
can afford to extend more liberal terms to those who buy later -and in 
smaller lots. We have here several wholesale houses, requiring a com- 
bined capital of nearly three hundred thousand dollars to conduct them. 
This amount is in continual activity, and manipulated by men of broad 
business ideas and sterling integrity — men who are intimately acquainted 
with the wants of the trade and thoroughly understand their business in 
its most minute details. Their annual sales are large, and through the 
agency of a competent corps of traveling salesmen, many thousands of 
dollars worth of goods are bought by merchants in the South who rarely 
if ever visit the market. 

While Norfolk's principal trade does not extend beyond the Carolinas, 
through this one branch her reputation has far exceeded the limits marked 
out by less enterprising and energetic dealers. 

Bills bought here are guaranteed du])licates of regular Northern prices, 
and dealers are cordially invited to satisfy themselves by a personal 
examination. 

SMITH N. BRICKHOUSE &. CO. 

WHOLESALE 

Boots and Shoes, 

Cor. Water & Commerce Streets, 



S.^XalS^SISlS', 



JOHN W. OLD, T. M. SAUNDERS, THOMAS OLD. 

FRED. FLETCHER. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 89 

GO TO THK 

UNDER ACADEMY OF MUSIC. NORFOLK, VA. 

Boots, Shoes, Trunks, Valises, &c. 

PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE AND NEW YORK FINE SHOES FOR LADIES, 

GENTLEMEN AND CHILDREN, ALWAYS ON HAND. 

«r GOODS DELIVERED TO ANY PART OF THE CITY FREE. "«« 

P. "WILLS, Proprietor. 

BRANCH STORE. No. 266 CHURCH STREET. 



RAILROAD, STEAMBOAT AND MACHINIST 

SUPPLIES. 



fROM comparatively small beginnings this trade has grown up to be 
one of the most important in our city. Being cared for and fostered 
by the hands of pushing, energetic business men who recognize the promi- 
nence it should reach in a seaport of Norfolk's growing nature, it has 
become one of the foremost branches represented here. 

Norfolk is naturally the central point of large railroad, milling, steam- 
boat and rapidly enlarging manufacturing interests, and as a result con- 
trols a large trade in the busine^ss of which we write. In the year 1868 
one enterprising firm started out upon this, then, unoccupied field ; now 
three houses compete in the conduct of a traffic which has been buiit up 
altogether since the date mentioned, and which is annually worth many 
thousands of dollars and covers operations which before that time were 
not known in our market. Prior to the establishment of the trade here 
comparatively trifling but intrinsically indispensable bits of machinery 
were not to be had here for love or money, or at best at exorbitant prices 
and then under great disadvantages to the purchaser. Almost invaribly 
they had to be ordered from away. This state of things made the market 
a poor one in every way. All this has fortunately been done away with 
by the introduction of mechanical skill and what, as it is well named "the 
life of trade" — competition. Now any quantity or quality of goods of 
whatever sort or kind can be as readily and as cheaply found in Norfolk 
as anywhere in the country. This is particularly so of mill supplies with 
which Norfolk furnishes the constantly increasing demand from Eastern 
Virginia, North Carolina, &c. As our commerce increases and our marine 
and railroad interests grow larger this important branch of trade can not 
fail to do its part in building up the city and making it the central depot 
of all this section for such commodities. 



90 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 




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ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 91 

BOOKS AND STATIONERY. 



M HE quality and quantity of reading matter in circulation among the 
^ people of any community, will be found very accurately to indicate 
the extent of the intelleotuality and refinement of that people. Where 
there are large public libraries, many and successful book stores, that 
carry large and well-selected assortments of choice works, there will be 
found a large percentage of well-informed readers. While all kinds of 
business here have been pushing vigorously ahead, that of Books and 
Stationery has in no wise lagged; on the contrary, improvements have 
been made from time to time until the stores of Norfolk will compare 
favorably with those of any city the same size. For beautiful selections 
of costly bound works of fiction, poems, &c., or for School, Law, Medi- 
cal, Agricultural, Theological, Scientific and miscellaneous Books, to say 
nothing of the numerous articles, useful and ornamental, denominated 
fancy articles, our stores are well known. We have two excellent book 
stores with well-filled shelves, an and examination of their prices will 
undoubtedly result in keeping at home much of the trade now going 
from this city to other markets. 

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. 



The Session begins on the FIRST OF OCTOBER, and continues until the Thursday 

before the Fourth day of July ensuing. 

The Institution is organized in sejiarate Schools on the Eclectic System, embracing 

FULL COURSES OF INSTRUCTION IN LITERATURE AND SCIENCE, 

and in the PROFESSIONS OF LAW, MEDICINE, 

X3JNrOX3Nr:E3X3£l.X3NrG;- ^xxd. -A.C3miC3XJ3jTXTH.:E:. 

THE EXPENSES of the student (except such as enter the practical laboratories) 
exclusive of the cost of text-books, clothing and pocket money, are from $356 to $391, 
according to Schools selected ; or, for those who economize by messing, these expenses 
are from $266 to $300. No charge for tuition to candidates for the ministry unable 
to meet the expense. 

Apply for Catalogues to F. W. Page, Secretary, University of Virginia. 

JAS. F. HARRISON, M. D., Chairman of the Faculty. 



92 




NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE 



I IH 1 




Officers:— JOHN L KOPER, President ; KADER BIGGS, Vice President ; R. H. WYNNE, 
Secretary ; W. S. WILKINSON, Treasurer. 

Board of Directors— Kader Biggs, W. D. Aydlolt, E. T. Powell, S. A. Stevens, Luther Sheldon, George 
W. Dey, Thomas E. Elliott, W.S.Wilkinson, L Ilarmansou, C L. Upshur, George M Bain, A. A 
McCullough. 

Faculty — Rev. R. M. Saunders, Principal, Professor of Mental and Moral Science. Mrs. M. J. T. 
Saunders, Modern Languages, Rev. Thomas Hume, Jr., A.M., D.D., Professor of English Language 
and English Literature. Newton Fitz, Professor of Mathematics. Rev. Thomas Hume, Jr., Pro- 
fessor of Ancient Languages. Rev. R. il. Wynne, Assistant Professor of Latin. Rev. R. M. Saun" 
ders. Professor of Physical Sciences. Miss Mary (iable, Rhetoric, Composition aud Elocution. 
Newton Fitz, Professor of Music, Instrumental and Vocal. Anton F. Koeruer, Adjunct Professor 
of Instrumental Music. Miss Lottie Barker, Assistant in Music. Madame Agnes Dias, Art Depart- 
ment, French and German Conversation, Calisthenics and Gymnastics, Miss Virginia W. Hankins, 
Principal of Preparatory Department. Miss Belle Boykin, Assistant in Preparatory Department. 
Miss Charlotte Daniel, Lady Manager of Boarding Department. Miss Hull, Lady Manager of 
Domestic Department. 

Boarding Department Family— Rev. R. M. Saunders, Mrs. M. J. T. Sannders, Madame Agnes Diaa^ 
Miss Virginia W. Hankins, Miss Belle Boykin, Miss Lottie Barker, Miss Charlotte Daniel, Lady 
Manager; Miss Hull, Lady Manager Domestic Department. 

BUILDlISrGS. 

The College Building is planned in accordance with the most improved architectural designs, 
built of brick, and is three stories high. The tirst and second stories have each three corridors, ten feet 
wide, extending through the building. There are in all one hundred and thirty-six windows, most 
of them very large, securing the greatest abundance of light and the most perfect ventilation. In 
addition to this, ventilators are arranged in the walls of every room There are between twenty and 
thirty commodious rooms used entirely for school purposes. The whole building is heated by steam, 
supplied with water from the City Water Works, and every convenience furnished to make pupils as 
comfortable as they can possibly be in their own homes. The building is arranged to accommodate 

THREE HUNDRED PUPILS. 

THE BOARDmG DEPARTMENT BUILDING 

is connected with the College Building, is three stories high, has two broad verandas running its entire 
length in front, is lighted with gas and heated by steam, and has bath rooms provided with hot and 
cold water. The bed rooms, opening into corridors extending through the centre of the building, have 
an abuudant supply of light and air, and are handsomely furnished with waltuut furniture, marble- 
top bureaus and washstands, and springs and best hair mattrasses on beds. There are three parlors, 
one of which is for the special use of the boarding pupils. All the details of management in the board- 
ing department arc those of a well ordered family, comfort, convenience and elegance pervading every 
department of the household. 

EDUCATIONAL APPLIANCES- 

Ail the school rooms are supplied with the best modern school furniture. Every needed help to 
school work is provided — Slate Black Boards, Maps, Charts, Object Teaching Apparatus, Superior 
Apparatus for illustrating the Physical Sciences, Pianos, Organ, &c., from the best makers. Statuary 
Pictures, Studies, Models, &c., for the Art Department. Apparatus for the Calisthenium, &c., &c. 



COURSE OF STUDY. 



There are three departments— the Primary, the Intermediate, and the Collegiate. In these ample 
provision is made for the thorough instruction in all the studies from the most elemen tary to the high- 
est. The Board of Directors can conscientiously ask parents, who wish to secure for their daugliters a 
thorough education and culture, to commit them to the care of the teachers who compose the Faculty 
of the Norfolk College foe Young Ladies. 

For Catalogue, containing full information as to expenses, &c., address 



Prof. R H. WYNNE, Secretary. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 93 

C. HALL WINDSOR 

No. 5 Bank Street, - NORFOLK, VA. 



FINE STATIONERY! 

THE FINEST AND MOST COMPLETE ASSORTMENT IN THE CITY. 

exjA-Istk: bookis, 

FROM THE SMALLEST POCKET MEMORANDUM TO THE LARGEST FULL 
BOUND RUSSSIA ENDS AND BANDS. 

SCHOOL AND HOUSE SIZES; THE BEST MAKES. 

PEisrs ! 

ALL STILES AND QUALITIES. 

AGENT FOR FOLEY'S GOLD PENS, 

BIBLES, SCHOOL BOOKS, 
MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE TO ORDER ONLY- 
ARTISTS^ MATERIALS, 
MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS. 

THE BEST QUALITY OF GOODS FOR 

Ladies, Merchants, Bankers or Students 
NEW MUSIC ON HAND AND TO ORDER. 

C. HALL WINDSOR, 

No. 5 BA^NK STREET. 



94 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

L. HARMANSON. JAS. E, HEATH 

Hi^RM^lSrSON & HEA.TH, 

Htl@i?iieyg at gate, 

OFFICE IN BANK OF COMIVIERCE BUILDING. 
MAIN STREET, NORFOLK, V A. 

T. R. BORLAND. D. TUCKER BROOKE- 

BORLAND & BROOKE, 

ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW, 
Corner of Main and Bank Streets, N orfolk, Va. 

H. F. ^WOODHOIJSE, 

VIRGINIAN BUILDING, 
CORNER MAIN AND COMMERCE STREETS, 
NORFOL K, VA. 

WM. H. WHITE. THEO. S. ('rAK.NETT, Ju- 

La/e Jadye, Je 

WHITE & OA^RNETT, 

Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, 

ROOMS ACADEMY OF MUSIC BUILDING, MAIN STREET, 

NORFOLK, VA. 
Practice in the State and Federal Courts in the Eastern District of Va. 

References. — Exchange National Bank, Norfolk, Va.; Burruss, Son& Co., Norfolk, 
Va.; Marine Bank, Norfolk, Va.; H. B. Clafflin, New York. 



\ 



FERTILIZERS. 

• 

* jiN the new and sparsely settled West where the land lias been under 
cultivation but a comparatively short time it needs no stimulus to 
aid in the growth of necessary crops. In the East however it is very 
different. New ground has been tilled by successive generations and re- 
quires periodical and systematic renewing to render it fertile and pro- 
ductive. To such a marked extent is this so, particularly in the soil in 
this section of the seaboard where the trucking interest is an extensive 
and growing one, that the status of the most intelligent and successful 
farmers is we may say in a measure indicated by their choice and use of 
fertilizers. Being an article easy of adulteration with all kinds of 
worthless substances, and the profits on an article of this kind when so 
" doctored" being very great it, is safe to assert that the agriculturalist 
can not exercise too much caution in procuring his supplies, or if he 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTBIES AND TRADES. 95 

makes his purchases contrary to the guidings which have followed the use 
of the best articles for years past, he is likely to find out his error to his 
cost, and that very soon. The man who buys fertilizers most intelligent- 
ly is the man who buys knowing exactly the special deficiencies, and 
therefore the particular requirements of the soil on his farm and what 
component is needed to produce a certain crop or crops. The most inex- 
perienced farmer need never have cause to regret his use of a fertilizer if he 
will only be guided in his course by the experience of others and not trust 
to irresponsible agents and dishonest manufacturers, who, like their goods 
have no reputation to lose and only thrive by fleecing the unwary. 

The efficacy of fertilizers is quite as well known as their use is indis- 
puted. In ])roof of this it may be stated that in North Carolina and 
in some portions of this state the use of the scientifically correct propor- 
tions of certain chemicals has produced results in forcing the early 
growth of cotton when it could have been accomplished by no other pos- 
sible means. Fertilizers prepared from the crude material are now 
largely employed, their use being on the increase yearly and since 1880 
a number of cargoes of German Potash Salts (Kainit) have been received 
here by direct importation for local manufacturing purposes. There are 
two incorporated companies doing business in or near Norfolk which 
are engaged in the manufacture of fertilizers on a large scale, one havino- 
been incor|>orated as recently as the 21st of March of this year — and 
this latter fact may be alluded to incidentally as showing the dimensions 
which this branch of industry is assuming, and its importance to our 
business interest, particularly the trucking and cotton interests. There 
are also two large and prosperous firms engaged in the business. 

These establishments are controlled by men possessed of capital and 
energy, and there is no estimating the limits to which the trade will be' 
pushed in the course of the next five years. 

In our warehouses may be found Peruvian Guano of direct Govern- 
ment importation. Bone-dust, Animal Matter, Dried Blood, Bone Black, 
Dissolved Bone, Fish Guano, Plaster, Kainit and the various salts of 
Ammoni I, Soda, and Potash all in good condition, together with other 
valuable fertilizers. These goods can be bought in Norfolk as cheaply 
as anywhere else and the quality will not suffer by comparison. Within 
the last decade progress in this business in Norfolk has been wonderful, 
and the secret of it has been that our dealers have had the honesty and 
the good sense to put only such wares on the market as were found to 
\yin for themselves only an enviable reputation among all classes of 
customers. 



96 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

FREEMAN, LLOYD, MASON MRYDEN 

Manufacturers of 



POCOMOKE 

Super-Phosphate, 



THE CELEBRATED FERTILIZER FOR 



ijbcjy 







GUARANTEED ANALYSIS: 



AMMONIA, 

POTASH, 

AVAILABLE PHOS. ACID, 

INSOLUBLE 



2 TO 4 Per Cent. 

- 4 " 6 
8 " 10 

- 2 " 4 



Norfolk, Va, and Pocomoke, Md, 




ITS PRINCIPAL I^DU8TRIES AND TRADES. 97 

CHARLES REID & SON, 

NORFOLK, VA. 

i; 



AND DEALERS IN 

Staves, Treenails, Peruvian Guano 

STANDARD FERTILIZERS, 

AND MANUFACTURERS OF THE 

'* Farmers' Favorite"! "Farmers' Challenge" 
C3-TJj^isros, 

Compounds of Fish, Flesh, Blood and Bones. 

The three last named articles being obtained principally from the Slaugh- 
ter Houses in and near the City. In many instances the action of these 
Fertilizers has been 

EQUAL TO THE BEST PERUVIAN, 

As testimonials in our possession will abundantly show. 
We manufacture a 

MILD AGRICULTURAL LIME, 

NEW PROCESS. NOT BURNT. 

Unlike Burnt Lime, it does not interfere with the germination of Seed, 
or DISSIPATE the AMMONIA found in the soil, or formed from the 
ORGANIC MATTER it prepares for the plant, but utilizes it. 

One Ton represents the bulk of about 3^ tons of Burnt Lime. 
We keep constantly on hand 

No. 1 PERUVIAN GUANO, 

10 and 6 PER CENT. 

Raw and Dissolved Bone, Kainit | Land Plaster. 



98 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE J 

PEANUTS. 



<K HE peanut might almost be called a Virginia staple product. That 
1 the term would be a just one is evidenced by the fact that the 
peanut raised on Virginia soil is always most sought for in the market 
and invariably brings the highest prices — and we produce more in this 
State than in any other where the nut is grown at all. The Virginia 
nut will sell at from one to one and a half more cents pfer pound than 
the Tennessee or Carolina nut. It frequently happens however that 
competition with inferior grades raised in Georgia and lower Tennessee 
has lowered the prices of the Virginia product. As the best is coming 
to be more widelv known, however, the injurious results of cutting in 
prices will disappear, and Virginia planters will find more ample returns 
than heretofore. 

The business in Norfolk is one of by no means inconsiderable pro- 
portions. In fact it constitutes one of our chief industries and gives 
employment to a large number of hands. The demand for the nut 
increases year by year, and with it increases our facilities for putting it 
into proper shape for consumption. The season opens in September, 
though the crop is not harvested until October, except in this State. 
Virginia furnishes in the neighborhood of sixty per cent, of the crop of 
the interior United States, while Tennessee produces about thirty-five 
per cent. In 1880 the entire crop of the country was valued at 
$2,150,000, of this, Virginia supplied 1,350,000 bushels, Tennessee 
750,000 and North Carolina 125,000. The crops of this State and of 
North Carolina are shipped principally to Northern and North Eastern 
markets, while those raised in the other Southern States are nearly all 
sent West. 

The whole of tide- water Virginia is a great peanut producing section. 
The counties in which the cultivation of the much prized product is 
most extensively entered into are those of Nansemond, Isle of Wight, 
Surry, Southampton, Prince George and Sussex. Of late years however, 
the peninsula counties have gone into raising the peanut, and although 
Warwick was formerly the only county growing it to any extent, it is 
now under cultivation on many farms in the counties of Elizabeth City 
and York, and to a lesser degree in Matthews and Gloucester counties. 
A few are also raised in Norfolk and Princess Anne counties. In 1880 
the entire crop of this State amounted to 1,350,000 bushels, and of this 
quantity Norfolk handled upwards of seventy-five per cent, or in the 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



99 



1867 


75,(100 bushels. 


1874 


1868 


150,000 




1875 


1869 


424,000 




1876 


1870 


270,000 




1877 


1871 


195 450 




1878 


1872 


324,000 




1879 


1873 


225,000 




1^-80 

1881 



neighborhood of 1,000,000 busliels. The average price per pound being 

four and one half cents or ninety nine cents per busliel, of twenty-two 

pounds. Showing that tlie amount of capital put into circulation by the 

peanut in Norfolk in 1880 approximated $1,000,000. The following 

comparative statements of each year's crop in Virginia from 1867 to 

1880 inclusive will be found of interest: 

350,000 bushels. 

450,000 " 

780,000 " 

405,000 " 

875,000 " 

1,000,000 " 

1,350,000 " 

750,000 " 

From the above table it will be seen that in 1881 the Virginian crop 
fell off between 40 and 50 per cent, from the crop of the previous year. 
In 1880 Tennessee produced 750,000 bushels, and in 1881 only 250,000. 
These deficits are chiefly attributed to the .severe and prolonged drouths 
of last year. 

Livery, Sale and Exchange Stables, 

ATLANTIC STREET, Rear Burruss" Bank. 

Horses, Carriages, Buggies and Wagons, of every description for hire. Private 
Parties, Weddings and Funerals furnished at short notice. Horses l)oarded by day, 
week, or month, on reasonable terms. Carriages furnished at any hour of day or night 
Baggage Wagox, for delivering Trunks, &c., to and from Depots and Steamboats 
furnished upon application. Telephone connection. 




Ic KELLY, 

Sale and Commission 

STABLES, 

^ 40, 42, and 44 Union Street, 

And 64 Church Street, 
MORFOLK, VIRCiNIA. 

A. M. VAUGHAN & SON, 

No. 96 MAIN STREET, 

We furnish the best Foreign and Domestic Insurance, Fire, Life, and Marine at 
current rates. 



100 NORFOLK A8 A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

J. G. TAYLOR & CO., 

MAWUFACTIJREHSS OF 

Billiard Tables, 

367 W. BALTIMORE STREET, 

BALTIMORE, MD. 




Carom, Pool, and ComTbination 

Billiard Tables. 

Pigeon-Hole, Jenny Lind, Bagatelle, 

Spinners and other Tables. 

OF FINEST QUALITY AND AT BOTTOM PRICES. 

OUR TABLES ARE WARRANTED 

FOR DURABILITY AND ACCURACY. 
SEND FOR PRICE LISTS AND CIRCULARS. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



101 



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102 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



HEADC^UAHTEllS FOll riUMEli'8 SUPPLIES ! 

FULL LINE OF STATIONERY. 

Tliaddeus Davids' nnd Arnold's Inks. 

NICE LOT OF TWINES. 



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Sole Sotilhorn Ag'ont for Pcnnsjiviuiia Pnlp and Paper Co., and Acme Blanh 
Book Factory; also, General Agent lor 1). S. AVallou & Co.'s Printed Manilla 
Paper. 

WE^R THE 

Standard Shirt and Drawers, 

{WARRANTED AS TO FIT AND QUALITY.) 

MAXUFACTUIiEl) BY THE 

Southern Shirt Manufactory, 

R. H. ANDERSON & CO.. Proprietors, 

Nos. 819 & 821 E. Main Street, 

RICHMOND. VIRGINIA. 



SEND FOR DIRECTIONS FOR SELF MEASUREMENT. 
B. KAHN, Agent, 210 Main Street, Norfolk, Va. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES, 103 

DEALERS BN 

MEN'S YOUTH'S AND BOY'S 

Fine, Medium and Low-Grade Clothing, 

AND GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS, &c., &e. 
No. 124 Main Street, - NORFOLK, VA. 

We earrj a full line of JESSUP & CO.'S and DEVLIN & CO.»S New York 
Samples. Suits made to order and Satisfaction guaranteed. 

H. F. MANEELY^ 

A RTTST 

CRAYON, WATER-COLOR AND INDIA INK, 

Photographic Studio, 

Goii. MAIN/ND CHURCH -STREETS, NORFOLK, YIRGIP(IA. 

The Public Ledger, 

THE PAPER FOR THE people. 

Publisked every Afternoon by y. RicJi'd Lewellen & Co., 
NORFOLK, VA. 

Independent on all subjects, and is especially devoted to the local interests of 
Portsmouth and Norfolk, and to the boundless resources of Virginia. 

As a local advertising medium it has no equal in this section, as it is read by all 
classes of people. 

It gives telegraphic news from our State and National Capitols, with a resume of 
the general miscellany so important to the interests of readable newspapers. 

CASH TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. 

By Mail, postage prepaid, per annum, $4 50 

City Subscribers, per annum, - - - - - - -4 50 

Per Week, Ten Cents. 

Single Copies, Two Cents. 



104 



NORFOLK AS A BTJSINP:SS CENTRE 



THE NORFOLK 




(Publislied By the Norfolk Landmark Publishing Co.) 

DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY AND WEEKLY. 

CONTAINS ALL THE LATPJST NEWS 

TRANSPIRING IN THE WORLD. 
It has a Complete Corps of Reporters and Correspondents. 

It Pays Especial Attention to Market Quotations. 

And its Reports are thoroughly accurate and to be depended upon, as a number of 

merchants, both sellers and buyers, are visited daily to obtain the latest 

information as to changes in prices of all articles 

bought and sold in this market. 



RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION: 

3 MOS. 

$1.50 



6 MOS. 

$3.00 
1.75 

75 



12 MOS. 

$5.00 

3.00 

1.00 



Daily, - - . . . 

Tri-Weekly, - - - . 

Weekly, - ... 

Parties sending us a club of nine subscribers to the Weekly one year will 
be sent one copy gratis. 

Parties sending us a club of five subscribers to the Daily one year will be 
sent one paper for a year gratis. 



OUR JOB DEPARTMENT, 

We have alwavs on hand a large stock of PAPER and the most complete assortment 
of JOB TYPE of any office in the State. 

BOOKS PRINTED AT REASONABLE RATES. 
PRICES AS LOW AS THE LOWEST. 

BINDING $ RULING DONE AT LOW RATES. 

Orders by mail promptly attended to. Estimates cheerfully furnished 
and satisfaction guaranteed, or money refunded. 

When in want give us a call. All communications should be addressed to 

LANDMARK, 

NORFOLK, VA, 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 105 

NORFOLK SUNDAY GAZETTE, 

INDEPENDENT IN POLITICS. 
The Largest Paper Published in this Section. 

IS DELIVERED BY CARRIE KS TO ALL PARTS OF NORFOLK, PORTSMOUTH, 

BERKLEY, ATLANTIC CITY AND BRAMBLETON. 
CIRCULATES EXTENSIVELY THROUGH EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA 

AND VIRGINIA. 



Price. Postage Paid, one year, - $2.00 ; Six Months, - $1 00. 

A LIMITED NUMBER of ADVERTISEMENTS taken at REASONABLE RATES. 

THE 

IN THE 

ARCADE BUILDING, PORTSMOUTH, VA. 
By JOHN W^. H. PORTER, 




THE ENTERPRISE has a large daily circulation in Portsmouth and vicinity. Ita 
circulation has increased during the past year, thereby proving that it has the good 
opinion of our community. It is a safe and reliable Advertising Medium, through 
which our merchants and business men and others may communicate with the public. 
It will contain the latest news, both foreign and domestic, by telegraph and otherwise, 
condensed so as to give the most news in^he least possible space. Its Market Reports 
are corrected daily. 

JOB WORK. — We are prepared to supply merchants and business men with Bill 
Heads, Letter Heads, Business Cards and other Job Work at reasonable prices. 

SUBSCRIPTION RATES : 

DAILY ENTERPRISE, One Year : - $5 00 

Six Months 3 00 

Contracts for advertisements may be made upon favorable terms in the office of the 
Enterprise. The Enterprise is the official organ of the city of Portsmouth. 




PUBLISHED AT PORTSMOUTH, VA., 
By the Times Publishing Company. 

Has a very large and daily increasing circulation, extending through Virginia, North 

Carolina, Tennessee and Georgia. 
The Granger is under the management of the Executive Committee of the Stat« 
Grange, and is edited by Dr. J. M. Blantox, Grand Master of Virginia. 
All communications should be addressed to 

W. B. WILDER, Business Manager, P. 0. Box, 835. 



106 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

THE DAILY TIMES, 

PUBLISHED EVERY DAY EXCEPT MONDAY, 

By the Times Publishing Co., Portsmouth, Va. 

AND HAS A LARGER DAILY CIRCULATION IN PORTSMOUTH AND NORFOLK 
COUNTY THAN ANY OTHER PAPER. 

Dr. J. M. BLANTON, Editor. W. B. WILDER, Business Manager. 

THE~TrDE"wrfER TIMES, 

PUBLISHED BY 

The Times Piiblisliing Co., every Monday Morning, 



The Tidewater Times is a handsome 28 column weekly, and is a fine advertising 
medium for Virginia and Eastern North Carolina. 

Br. J. M. BLANTON, Editor. W. B. WILDER, Business 3Ianager. 



IRON WORKS AND MARINE RAILWAYS. 



JL MONG the essentially important features of a prosperous comraer- 
C7|V. cial sea-port, and too, which are likely always to stand prominent 
in our city, are Iron Works and Marine Railways; departments of in- 
dustry which we may safely say do more directly to further agricultural, 
manufacturing and shipping interests than can well be estimated, 

Norfolk has four large Merchant Machine Siiops, five Foundries and 
five Marine Railways. It will thus be seen that we are not lacking in 
superior facilities in these branches. We are also so fortunale as to pos- 
sess sufficient business demand to furnish steady employment for every 
iron worker, boiler maker and ship carpenter in the two cities ; there 
being almost constantly so much work on hand, that workman who are 
able to command good wages in any foundry or ship-yard in the country, 
have oftentimes to be sent for from elsewhere. 

During every month of the year, but more noticeably while the "boom" 
of the busy Winter season is enveloping our city in its golden cloud; the 
Iron Works and the Marine Railways of Norfolk are busy. At almost 
any hour of the day — and we had almost said of night — can be heard the 
clang of the boilermakers mallet, the hammering of the mechanic at the 
anvil or the grinding of the chains as some stately craft floats from the 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 107 

ways Into her native clement, fresh from the skillful hands that fashioned 
her stout parts, or from those of the machinist whose toil planned and exe- 
cuted the throbbing engine that transforms her into a thing of life. 

In limes of financial depression no elements of industrial employment 
60 lag behind or exhibit so unmistakeably the blighting results of the 
influences to which they may chance to be subjected as do those branches 
to which we are alluding. The working classes, the representatives of 
skilled labor, one of the mainstays of the ])rospprity of any community, 
being forced to unwilling idleness, the injurious effect becomes at once 
apparent throughout ihe whole body commercial. Fortunately the con- 
verse is no less true. Money is largely kept in circulation by those who 
are paid off daily, weekly or monthly, and when these are steadily em- 
ployed at fair wages, which, as we have before remarked, is generally the 
case here with those to whom we more particularly refer, the healthful 
leaven is sure to exert a highly beneficial influence throughout the whole 
lump. Such is the demand upon the capacity of our Marine Railways 
that frequently a vessel is compelled to remain for days or sometimes 
weeks in the harbor before she can be hauled upon the ways for repairs. 
Boilers of the very best material and of a workmanship challenging the 
best of Northern skill, agricultural engines of all kinds, stationery engines 
and narrow gauge locomotives are all built here. The large proportion 
of these manufactures are sliipj)ed to various points in the South, princi- 
pally to the cotton and timber districts, invariably giving satisfaction and 
in many cases securing valuable premiums over all competitors. When 
we take into consideration what has been done, and what the future is 
bound to develop, the friends of Norfolk will concede that she has on these 
scores no cause for any sentiments other than those of pride and gratifi- 
cation. 

"VT". J^. -A.Isr3D3±!:E^;S0 3^, 

ATLANTIC FOUNDRY, 
No. 206 V^Tatev Street, Norfolk, Va. 

MANUFACTURER OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF 

O^STIISrGS, IROIsr@BEA.SS, 

AT SHORT IVOTICE AND BAL.TI.nOKE PRICES. 

fi^°No extra charge for readj^ made Patterns, which I have an extensive variety."^a 
Highest Cash Prices Paid fob Metals. 

J8@~ A large and extensive ^lACHINE SHOP is now being erected next to the 
Foundry, and I will shortly be prepared to promptly execute all orders for Steam 
Engines, Boilers, Saw and Grist Mills ; making a specialty of Steamboat Woek. 
Peices and fiest-class Woek Guaeanteed. 



108 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



GEO. W. DUVAL & CO. 

Norfolk Iron Works, 

Cor. Water and Nebraska Streets, 

NORFOLK, VA. 

Engines, Boilers, Saw Mills, 

AND ALL KIADS OF 

MACHINERY OF THE MOST IMPROVED PATTERNS. 

ALSO REPAIRING AT THE SHORTEST NOTICE. 

m&- PARTICULAR ATTENTION PAID TO STEAMBOAT ^VORK, -SJ8 

Duval's Pcatent BOILER TUBE FERRULES are the only perfect remedy A.r 
Leaky Boiler Tubes. Thej' can be inserted in a few minutes by any Engineer, and 
are guaranteed to stop the leaks. 

wm. a. graves, 




I 



u 




Lumber 
Manufacturer, 

Saw and Planing 

SCROLL 

SAWING, 



All kinds of BRACKETS and MOULDINGS, 

FURNISHED ON SHORT NOTICE. 

Nos. 209 to 223 Water Street, NOKFOLK, VA. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES, 



109 



JAMES POWER & CO. 

Iron Yard I Metal House, 



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DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF 




fi@* Machinery of all kinds, new and second-hand, bought and sold, "©a 



no 



NORFOLK A8 A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



HE 



White Brop Mof isp, 

ADMARKS, ST>Tu)rI PORTRjlIT BUSTS 

AND 

MEDALLION PORTRAITS, 

The undersigned respectfully invite all who may be seeking a PERMA- 
NENT Memorial (either Monument or Headmark) for departed friends, 
to call and inspect our chaste and beautiful designs (over three hundred 
in number) of WHITE BRONZE, a material that will not crack, 

CRUMBLE OR DECAY ; will not DISCOLOR Or beCOme MOSS COVERED, but is 

known to have stood constant exposure 
for the past three hundred years, 
and has been endorsed and recommended 
by the leading Scientists of the world. 
It is identical in nature and equal in 
strength and durability to the dark 
BRONZE of antiquity. IT DOES NOT 
PARTAKE OF THE NATURE OP IRON IN 
ANY DEGREE WHATEVER. 

A beautiful specimen of White Bronze 
Monument and Statuary can be seen in 
Elmwood Cemetery, third alley east, 
erected for Mr. John R. Ludlow, executor 
of the estate of the late Mrs. Elizabeth 
Benson. 

Our many designs of Wrought and 
Cast Iron Railings, painted or galvanized 
cresting, iron verandas, weather vanes, 
vases, chairs, settees, window guards, and 
all kinds of ornamental wire work. All kinds of light and heavy forging, 
done with neatness and dispatch, and at prices to suit the times. 

We make a specialty of furnishing the Patent Combination Wrought 
Iron Railings, suitable for cemeteries or buildings. This railing is dura- 
ble, beautiful in design and cheaper than any other for many reasons. 
Designs can be seen upon application. 

BUTT & CO., 

NO. 131 WATER STREET^ 




i 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 

RICHMOND 



111 




rr 



LIGHT DRAFT, 
LOW PRICE. 

Satisfaction 

Guaranteed. 




Threshes Rapidly, 
Cleans Perfectly. 

Send for 

Special Circular. 



THE SIMPLEST THUESHER IN THE MARKET. 

H. M. SMITH & CO., Patentees and Manfrs. 

RICHMOND, VA. 



J^. (B. — We manufacture in addition to the above a 
large variety of hnplements of all kinds for the farm, 
and carry the largest stock south of J^ew York. In our 
list will be found Steam Engines, Saw and Grist Mills, 
(Reapers and Mowers, (Plows and Cultivators, Wheel 
(Rakes and Hay Feeders, Cotton Gins and (Presses, Farm, 
and Freight Wagons, Spring Wagons, and in fact every 
Implement and Vehicle needed on a farm. Our Catalo- 
gue of 200 pages will be sent to all who contemplate 
buying goods in our line, whether for sale or use. 

Farmers needing Implements or Machines of any kind 
will find in our Catalogue just what they want, with 
cuts, discriptions and price list. 
Address, p. 0. Box, 8. H.M.SMITH &C0., 

RICHMOND, VA. 



1 1 2 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

ELIZABETH IRON WORKS, 

CHAS. "W. PETTIT, 

PROPRIETOR, 

Nos. 280 and 282 Water Street, 



a® 

Manufacturer of Steam Engines, Boilers, 

SAIN AMB CHRIST MILI^iS, 

SHAFTING, PULLEYS, HANGEES, FOHGINGS AND CASTINGS. 

Special attention given to tlie repair of STEAMBOATS and MACHINERY 
of all kinds. 

J8@»MACHl>'rSTS AND BOILER MAKERS sent to any part of tlie Country 
to repair Tvork. 

STAVES. 



% 



I HAT Norfolk should liave been for many years past a stave mart of 
importance is not remarkable. Geographical position, nearness to 
the great stave getting regions of this State, and North Carolina, have 
made Norfolk a central and convenient point for the shipment of staves, 
particularly to the West Indies where in fact the large proportion of them 
find their way to be utilized in the manufacture of barrels and casks 
for sugar, molasses, rum, &c. For these purposes Norfolk staves are 
always chosen, and they are also much sought after by Mediterranean 
grape growers, it being held that the wood of staves from this locality 
injures the delicate flavor of the wine less than is the case with those from 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 113 

elsewhere. Our staves are carefully out and they are also subjected to 
an inspection by regular licensed insi)ectors, who throw out all not coming 
up to the standard. In illustration of the growth of the export trade here 
it may be stated that it amounted to $4,496,641 from January, 1865 to 
December 31st, 1881. The largest shipments valued at $411,638 were 
m:ide in 187:2. 

White oak limber grown in this section is highly esteemed for use in 
ship building, and on account of its fine grain and toughness has always 
been in demand particularly by the Navy Department, while it is a matter 
of record that naval vessels built since the repeal of tiie measure requiring 
them to be of white oak, grown within fifty miles of salt water, have corn- 
paired favorably in durability to those built prior to the enactment. 

For the information and guidance of those engaged in the trade we 
re-publish from last year's book the 

DlMKXSIOXS OF AND DiRECTIOXS FOR GETTING DRESSED STAVES AND HEADING 

FOR THE Norfolk Market. 

White Oak Pipe staves — 54 to 56 inches lonp, not less than 54 inches. — 3^ inches 
and upward wide ; must not be less than 3} inches, and not less than 1 inch thick on 
thin edge. "White Oak Hhd. Staves — 42 to 44 inches long, not less than 42 inches — 3J 
inches and upward wide ; must not be less than 3h inclies, and not less than f inch 
thick on thin edge. White Oak Heading— 28, 30 and 32 inches long — 5 inches and 
upward wide ; not less than 5 inches, and full J inch thick on thin edge. White Oak 
Bariell Staves — 32 and 34 inches long, 3 inches and upward wide; not less than 3 
inches, and net less than | inch thick on thin edge. Red Oak Hhd. Staves — 42 to 44 
inches long, not less than 42 inches — should be 4 inches and upward wide ; must not 
be less than 3;^ inches in any part, and from f to 1 inch and upward thick on the thin 
edge. All Staves and Heading must be of sound wood, free from knots and all other 
defects. Must be rived with the grain, and split from the bark to the centre — not 
slabbed off. They must be straight, with square edges, and moderately dressed with 
drawing knife to nearly a uniform thickness. White Oak staves and Heading must 
be free of sap. Red Oak Staves may have sap on them. White Oaks with sap on 
them are classed Red Oaks. Makers of Staves should get none less than full one inch 
thick, to allow ibr shrinkage in seasoning, and they should lay oti"the logs one or two 
inches longer than the Staves are required to be, to allow for the "running of the saw." 
Want of length is fatal to any of the classes of Staves. All Staves are sold here by 
the long thousand of 1200 pieces. 

The Stave trade of Norfolk is carried on by a few firms of enterprise 
and wealth and the prospects are, that when the manifold advantages of 
this port became more generally known this branch of the shipping 
interest will continue to advance. 



114 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



WM. H. PETERS. 



WASHINGTON REED, 



PETERS & REED, 



SfflPPING AND flENERAL 





n 




q 





AND DEALERS IN 



Staves and Lumber, 

Main Street, NORFOLK, VA. 
Water Street, PORTSMOUTH, VA. 



I 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 115 

THE UNITED STATES 

MEPHTILE l|EPORTlf AND COLLECTIOf(ASSOClATION. 

HOME OFFICE, 335 BROADWAY NEW YORK, 

BRANCHES IN ALL THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 

W. G. JONES, SECRETARY AND MANAGER. 
• — 

The latest and most improved system of Reporting and Collectino;, now in nse 
Organized and supported by the largest Importing, Manufacturing and Jobbing Houses 
of New York City. Over 8,000 Attorneys and Banks compose the Association. 

COAL, ^VOOD AND ICE DEALERS. 



jHE great piles of coal seen towering above the limits of the many 
bins in the coal yards of this city, must impress observers with the 
fact that its handling requires the employment of a great many people 
and a large amount of money. All along the water front these yards 
are located, and vessels are loaded or discharged at very small cost and 
with little trouble. The immense coal beds situated along the Chesapeake 
and Ohio Railroad, supply a greater part of the demands of this market, 
while Maryland and Pennsylvania furnish an immense amount. The 
great ocean steamers leaving this port carry with them well filled bunkers 
from our yards, and daily shipments are made to consumers and dealers 
in Virginia and North Carolina, at points upon streams tributary to the 
Elizabeth river and the sounds. The seven largest firms in the coal 
trade do an annual i)usiness of $500,000 in coals alone, to say nothing 
of the sales of wood, which many of them handle in quantities, exclusive 
of business done by the eleven wood yards. The estimated capital 
employed by these houses is placed at the modest sum of $100,000. 
During the Winter season, when this business is at its height, our wood 
wharves present a most animated appearance, the docks being filled with 
loaded lighters and the streets with venders anxious for a customer. Ma- 
chinery for cutting and splitting is to be found in nearly all the yardt>, 
and from their continuel motion it may be safely concluded that business 
is good. 

The wholesale and retail ice business of the City is also very large, 
there being two firms in the business, each having immense ice houses? 
and they ship large quantities to the fisheries of North Carolina, as well 
as to other points south of Norfolk. 



116 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

THOS. J. NOTTINGHAM. WM. A. WRENN. 

I 



m 



Wholesale and Retail Dealers In 

Ice, Coal and Wood, 

Nottingham and Wrenn's Wharf, '^'c^ityT'^ 
and Nos. 6 and 7 Camphell's Wharf, 



FOR OUR ICE BUSINESS 

We have storage capacity for 4,000 Tons. Keep constantly on hand a 
very large stock of best MAINE ICE and have cargoes arriving 
throughout the year. Special inducements offered to the WHOLESALE 
TRADE. 



ICE, 



COAL / 




AND 



WOOD. 



mmm coa^ yam© 

is always supplied with complete stocks of free-burning RED and 
WHITE ASH COALS, of all sizes, also with the best GEORGE'S 
CREEK CUMBERLAND COAL, all of which is sold in any quanti- 
ty desired. 

OUR WOOD BUSINESS 

is confined to Retail. We offer best OAK AND PINE WOOD 
Sawed and delivered to any part of the City. 

Having extensive Wharf Property and ample room for every Branch 
of our Business, we can confidently offer our services to the Public, at 
Home and Abroad. We guarantee Lowest Market Prices and satisfac- 
tion in every respect. Our facilities are unsurpassed. 

NOTTINGHAM & WRENN. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 117 

RAWLiNS, WHITEHURST &. CO. 

Wliolestale and Retail Dealers in 



EASTERN ICE, 



Office 11 and 13 Nivison Street, 

Warehouse Biggs' Wharf, near Ferry Dock, 

NORFOLK, VA. 



Keep constantly on hand Quantities such 

as to enable us to he prepared at all 

times to fill orders by 

Orders by Mail or Dispatch receim our 

Prompt Attention, 

We are prepared to furnish ICE by the cargo 
DIRECT FROM 3IAINE. 

POND OR RIVER ICE, 

OF THE VERY BEST QUALITY. 

Orders for Car Loads, Barrels or Hogsheads, 

PROMPTLY FILLED. 

All Enquiries receive our Immediate Attention. 



118 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

COTTON AND COMMISSION. 



jHIS is above all others the great business of our city, and largely to 
the vigor and enterprise of the men engaged in it, is dne the steady- 
growth of Norfolk to the rank which she now holds as the third cotton 
port of the country, and one of the leading coniniercial centres on the 
Southern Atlantic Seaboard. Every year millions of dollars worth of 
the snowy staple pass through this martlet, and some of the wealth, 
which every bale brings, stays here to enrich our merchants and laboring 
men. At almost any time of the year, particularly in the winter months, 
the lower part of the city or what is known as " Town Point" is scarcely 
passable for the immense quantities of cotton stored there. Storage room 
it may therefore be imagined is hard to find, and this is undoubtedly the 
case, but owners of real estate and local capitalists generally are begin- 
ning to understand that they cannot possibly find a better field of invest- 
ment than in the building of large roomy and much needed storage 
warehouses. There are already many warehouses of this description here, 
but these are not sufficient for the constantly increasing demands of the 
cotton trade. One or two more seasons will not pass however without 
affording us an opportunity to chronicle extensive improvements in this 
respect. 

Up to the year 1865 little or no cotton ever came to Norfolk, and the 
city had no pretensions to the dignity of a cotton port. Since that period 
every year has added to her importance as a cotton shipping point, until 
at the present time it is found difficult for the presses owned and operated 
by the three compress companies of this city to compress and load the 
cotton fast enough to avoid the blockade, which is sure to result if work 
is stopped night or day. Heavy draught iron steamers principally 
British, and sailing vessels of all nations lie, four and five abreast 
at our wharves during the cotton season loading or waiting their turn to 
load and start upon their voyages. The cotton is compressed to one 
third the size in which it comes from the gin and is then stowed for 
shipment by skilled cotton screwers. 

As mentioned incidentally above there are three cotton compressing 
comj)anies transacting business here. These are the Seaboard, The 
Virginia and the Shippers Compress Companies. The total capital 
operated by these establishments is very large, and the respective manage- 
ments of the compresses are in the hands of men of experience and 
capacity. The Seaboard Company controls two presses, both at Town 



1858-'9 


- . - 


6,174 


1871-'2 


1859-'60 


. . - . 


17,777 


1872-'3 


1860-'l 


. 


33,193 


1873-'4 


[War bet 


sveen the States). 




1874-'5 


1865-'6 


- 


59,096 


1875-'6 


1866-7 


- 


126,287 


1876-7 


1867-'8 


- . . . 


155,591 


1877-'8 


lb68-'9 


- . - . 


164,789 


1878-'9 


1869-70 


_ 


178,352 


1879-'80 


1870-'! 


- 


302,930 


1880-'81 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 119 

Point; the Shipper's company has one press in Norfolk and one in 
Portsmouth. All are equipped with the very latest and most improved 
and powerful maciiinery, and the three companies have facilities for 
delivering daily into the holds of foreign bound vessels of all nationalities 
hundreds of compressed bales of the fleecy staple. The three corpora- 
tions mentioned, besides conducting the business of compressing, are 
extensive charterers and shippers on their own accounts and thereby 
are largely instrumental in augmenting the importance of Norfolk as a 
cotton port. The following table exhibits the receipts of cotton by bales 
at Norfolk for 22 years, beginning with September 1st, and ending with 
August 31st of each year : 

Year. Bales. Year. Bales 

258,730 

- 405,413 
472,446 

- 393,672 
469,998 

- 509,612 
430,557 

- 443,285 
597,086 

- 713,026 

The growth of the market has been steady, and the result of causes 
which have combined to render it permanent. 

The following is a statement of receipts and shipments of cotton as 
recorded at the Exchange : 

Season 1874-'5 — Receipts year ending 31st August, 1875 

Shipments, coastwise ... 

Exported Great Britain - - 
Exported Continent 
Exports - - - _ _ 

Total shipments - _ - 

Seasox 1875-'6— Receipts year ending 3Ist of August, 1876 
Shipments coastwise 
Exported Great Britain 
Exported France, - - 
Exported Continent - - _ 

Total shipments ... 
Season 1876-7— Receipt year ending 31st August, 1877 
Shipments coastwise - . . 

Exported Great Britain ... 
Exported I-'rance - - - - 

Exported Continent . - _ . 

Total shipments - . _ 

Season 1877-8— Receipts year ending August 31, 1878 
Shipments coastwise - - . 

Exported Great Britain - - - - 
Exported France - - . - 

Total shipments ------ 430,501 



- 


393,672 


63,629 


326,281 


3,583 




- 


67,212 


_ 


393 493 


103,869 

1,817 


469,968 
361,053 


■ 3,007 


108,693 


- 


409,746 


- 


- 509,612 
391,838 


112,245 




1.602 




3,008 


116,855 


_ 


508,693 


271,144 
157,153 


430,557 


2,204 


159,357 



120 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

Sbasox 1878-'9— Receipts year ending 31 August, 1879 - - - 443,285 

Sliipments coastwise - - ... 239,158 

Exported Great Britain - - - 199,815 

Exported France - - . - 713 

Exported Continent - ... 3,008 203,53b 

Total shipments 442,694 

Season 1879-'80— Receipts ending 31 August, 1880 - - - 597,086 

Shipments coastwise ... - 337,226 

Exported Great Britain - - 246,674 
Exported France - . - - 1,479 
Exported Continent - - - - 8,912 
■ Total Exports 257,065 

Total shipments 594,291 

Season 1880-'l— Receipts ending 31 August 1881 713,026 

Shipments coastwise - - . . . 392,079 

Exported Great Britain 216,046 

Exported France 2,850 

Continent 9,922 

Total Shipments 720,887 

U. S. Senator John W". Johnston, of Virginia, has within the last two 
^earsmade an interesting ompilation of statistics based on data obtained 
from official sonrces, and showing the following comparison between the 
rate of increase and decrease in the cotton business of the eight largest 
cotton ports of the country, between the six years ending August 31st, 
1861, and a similar period ending August 31st, 1879 : 

MARKET. RATE, 

Galveston .--..- Increase 197 per ct. 

New Orleans -..,.. Decrease 28 per ct. 

Mobile ----,-- Decrease 43 per ct. 

Savannah ------- Increase 44 per ct. 

Wilmington, N. C. - . - - - Increase 222 per ct. 

Charleston ------- Increase 3^ per ct. 

Apalachicola ------ Decrease 83 per ct. 

NORFOLK INCREASE 1,212 per ct. 

Upon examination the table of direct exports for seventeen years on 
pages, 85 and 86 and it will be seen that from January 1st, to December 
31, 1866, 733 bales of cotton valued at only $119,023 were exported. 
The cotton export value in 1880 amounted to $17,508,724, and in 1881 
to $16,074,613, the total value of exported cotton for the seventeen years 
amounting to $82,044,063.91, with an increase for 1881 over 1866 of 
$15,955,590 of 1880 over 1866 of $17,389 791. 

The completion of numerous railroad connections and the effecting of 
consolidations favorable to the growing commerce of Norfolk, all of 
which are alluded to elsewhere in this volume, will it is hoped and con- 
fidently believed, greatly augment our cotton receipts and shipments, 
and also have the further result of impressing upon real estate owners 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDU8TRtE8 AND TRADES. 121 

the urgent necessity for more wharf room for the storage of the great 
bulk of cotton which every season finds its way to our limits. The 
Norfolk and Portsmouth Cotton Exchange, an institution chartered in 
1874 by authority of the Legislature of the State of Virginia, has been 
a powerful factor in building up our cotton trade. The Exchange is 
situated on Water Street, easily accessable to the centres of business of 
which it is in fact the systematic and well governed head. The actual 
cash capital employed in the cotton commission business in the two cities 
(Norfolk and Portsmouth) is roundly estimated at $2,000,000 and the 
commission houses, as well as the regular cotton flictories, handle large 
quantities of the staple and in many instances are represented on 'change. 

'perry & jernTganT 

COTTON FACTORS, 

General Commission Merchants, 

Tunis' Warehouse and Wharf. 
NORFOLK, VA. 



GONSIGI^MSNTS SOLIGITCD. 

The Sale of COTTON a Specialty. 
Do EXCLUSIVELY a COMMISSION BUSINESS. 



lUi. 



General Commission Merchants. 

AND DEALERS IN STAVES. 
Highest prices paid for Staves and prompt Cash returns rendered. 



1 22 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

S. F. PEARCE. W. F. ALLEN. J. T. BOIIUM. 

PEARCE, ALLEN &. BORUM, 

COTTON FACTORS, 

General Commission Merchants 

20 and 22 Commerce Street. 

NORFOLK, VA. 



SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE SALE OF 

Cotton, Grain, Lumber, Peanuts, Peas find .all other 
Country Products. 

W. W. GWATHMEY. C. G. ELLIOTT. TEMPLE GWATHMEY. 

W. W. GWATHMEY & CO., 

ConoN Factors, General Commission Merchants, 

BONDED ^VV^A.RH:HOUSE]MEISr, 
Town Point, - NORFOLK, VA. 

Largest Warehouse in the City, at wharf of Liverpool Steamers. Norfolk and 
Western Railroad track at door. Freight by Seaboard Road Delivered free of charge. 

ADVANCES ON CONSIGNMENTS. 
STEAMBOAT AND STEAMSHIP LINES 



ct:^ 



HE different railway lines, canals and other avenues of trade and 
1 commerce have been fully reviewed in auotiier part of this work, 
and it is our purpose now to call the reader's attention to the principal 
steamboat and steamship lines regularly entering this port from the 
many trade centres of the country. Centuries ago Norfolk became noted 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTKIES AND TRADES. 123 

for its many and extensive lines of vessels, especially in connection with 
the foreign trade, but the wealthy and enterprising ship owners of those 
days little imagined that their crafts would be so soon superseded by the 
superb iron vessels of to-day. Steam navigation has been adopted on 
all coast and inland lines and in fact on all regular lines wlierc dispatch 
is a desideratum; sailing vessels carrying only such freights as are too 
bulky and difficult to handle, or which pay insufficient freight. Imme- 
di itely after the resumption of business in 1865, a few steamers, of indif- 
ferent construction and limited capacity, were put upon our waters, bat 
as trade grew and the demand for increased facilities became more im- 
perative, changes were made, larger, finer and greatly improved vessels 
for passenger and freight traffic were from time to time put on, and the 
old ones withdrawn, for use at points where their accommodations were 
adopted to all requirements. 

To minutely and fittingly describe the diffi^rent lines now centering 
here, the unsurpassed sj)lentl()r of the vessels employed, or to give even 
a brief notice of the enterprising and wealthy corporations owning them, 
would require the services of a writer gifted with extraordinary descrip- 
tive powers. Suffice it to say that the management of these lines is in 
the hands of men wlio a})preciate the wants of trade, and with undoubt- 
ed ability in the conduct of the transportation business, they have estab- 



ERRATA. 

In W. W. GWATHMEY & CO.'S advertisement, page 1-22, read, 
LICENSED Warehousemen, instead of Bonded Warehousemen, and freight 
by Seaboard Iload delivered free of CARTAGE, instead of CHARGE. 



Sounds and Rivers of the Okl North State, and also to Hampton, Old Point, Fortress 
Monroe, Smithtield, Cherrystone, Yorktown and Matthews. The fleet comprises about 
twenty-live iron and wooden ve.ssels aggregating over twenty thousand tons burthen. 

The Company w;ts started in 1867, succeeding the old New York and Virginia 
Steamsliip Company, and it has gradually grown to its present proportions as a great 
corporation, with interests and connections in every State in the South and West. 

The distan('e between New York and Norfolk is 285 nautical miles, and the steam- 
ers of this line generally make the trij) in twenty.five iiour-s. The regularity with 
which these vessels arrive may be illustrated by an incident which occurred several 
years ago. The writer was in company with a number of gentlemen when the loud 
report of a cannon was heard, and he remarked to one of the bystanders that he was 
not aware of the lateness of the hour,but that the Navy Yard gun had just announced 
the time of snnset. The bystander replied that the gun fired was not at the Navy 
Yard, but upon the forward deck of the New York steamer, and added with consid- 
erable fervor, "but she's just as regular." 



124 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

The passenger acconiniodatious of the Old Dominion steamsliips, are of the most 
comfortable and superb character; the saloons ars substantially and elegantly fur- 
nished, the tables well supplied, and in fact they are wanting in nothing calculated to 
make a trip upon them desirable and pleasant. During the C ompany's career of tifteen 
years not a aingle life entrusted to its care has been lost. Through the worst storms and 
series of marine disasters ^hese steamships have always passed in perfect safety. 
When the largest of them steam up the river they look as though they were conscious 
of their beauty, and under the skillful management of their otiicers, glide ciuiokly but 
majestically into their docks, there to be relieved of their immense cargoes. 

The parent offices of the Company are at 197 Greenwich Street, New York city. 
The principal officers are : Commodore N. L. McCready, President ;W. H. Stanford, 
Secretary, and H. A. Bourne, Superintendent. In Norfolk Messrs. Culpepper & Tur- 
ner represent the Company's interests, with their otfice on the extensive wharf prop- 
erty on Water Street, immediately at the foot of Church Street. In every department 
of the Company's business experience and efficiency are the stepping-stones to prefer- 
ment 

The principal steamers of the Company, their names, character, tonage, route, «&c., 
are : 

The Roanoke, iron propellor, freight and passengers, 2,354 tons, Geo. W. Couch, 
master ; the finest and handsomest ocean steamship ever floated in this harbor. She 
arrived in Norfolk on her first trip Thursday, April 6th; runs between New York, 
Norfolk, City Point and Richmond. 

The Gu YANDOTTE, iron propellor of the same class and build as the Roanoke, is now 
being built and will probably go on the line between New York, Norlblk and Rich- 
mond, about May, 15th, of the present year. 

The Old Dominion, iron side- wheel steamship, freight and passengers, 2,222 tons, 
G. M. Walker, master; New York, Norfolk, City Point and Kichmond. 

The W^YANOKE, iron side-wheel steamship, freight and passengers, 2,068 tons, J. G. 
Hulphers, master; route same as Old Dominion. 

The Richmond, iron propellor, freight and passengers, 1,436 tons, Frank Stevens, 
master; route same as Old Dominion. 

The Manhattan, iron propellor, freight and passengers, 1,400 tons, 

master; route same as Old Dominion. 

The Breakwater, iron propellor, freight and passengers, 1,110 tons, R. B. Boaz 
master; route same as Old Dominion. 

The Hatteras, wooden side-wheel, freight, 868 tons, A. B. Mallett. master; route 
same as Old Dominion. 

The Albemaki-e, wooden side-wheel, freight, 891 tons, master; route, 

same as Old Dominion. 

The Northampton, wooden side-wheel, freight and passengers, 40O tons, P. Mc- 
Carrick. master; daily between Norfolk and Old Point, and tri-weekly between Nor- 
folk, Cherrystone, Matthews, Yorktown and Gloucester Point. 

The Accomack, wooden side-wheel, freight and passengers, 434 tons, O. G. Delk, 
master ; daily between Old Point and Hampton, and lour times a week to Sniithtield. 
The Shenandoah, wooden side-wheel, launched April 11th, 1882, will run on the 
North Carolina Sounds. 

The LuRAY, wooden side- wheel, building to run between Norfolk and Newports 
News. 

The Newberne, iron propellor, freight and passengers, 400 tons, T. M. Southgate, 
master , Norfolk, Newberne and W'ashington, North Carolina, via Albemarle and 
Chesapeake Canal. 

The Pajilico, wooden propellor, 252 tons, W. T. Pritchard, master , route same, as 
the Newberne. 

THE MERCHANTS' AND MINERS' TRANSPORTATION COMPANY. 
This Company is indeed the peer of any on our seaboard, owning, as it does, the 
splendid iron steamships running regular between Boston, Providence, Noriblk and 
Baltimore, besides a number of equally fine vessels engaged in the Northern and 
Southern trade. Like the Old Dominion Steamship Company, its vessels are the pride 
of our harbor, and officered, by able and experienced seamen, who dock their vessels 
with characteristic regularity, running to Boston in 48 and to Providence in 36 hours. 
Their connections to the interior are of course the same as the others, and through 
bills of lading are issued from either of the cities named to points South, or from the 
latter to the East and to Europe, over the Cunard, Warren, Leylaud and Allen lines. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES, 125 

The spacious wharves at the west end of Main Street, in tlie centre of that portion 
of the city now re<;ar(le(l as the most valuable for wharf purposes, and where vast ini- 
proveuien'ts have been made during the last year, are used by the Company, hut owned 
by the corporation known as the Bostox Wiiauf and VVharkhousk Company. 

In advancing the Commercial interests of Noriblk, the merchants' and Miners' 
Transportation Company luive proved an important factor, affording ample and speedy 
connections between Norfolk and the cities of the North. The vessels owned by the 
Company are a? follows : 

The Decatuu H. Millkr, iron propeller, 2,296 tons, Solomon Howes, commander. 

The William Crane, iron propeller, 1,41G tons, F. M. Howes, Commander. 

The Johns Hopkin.<?, iron propeller, 1,470 tons, Wm. A. Hallett, Comr.ander. 

'I'he William Kennedy, wooden propeller, 974 tons, W. E. Warren, Commander. 

The Blackstone. wooden propeller, 1,147 tons, John C. Taylor, commander. 

Tlie enterprise and good management of the officers of the Company have combined 
to make it wealthy and powerful, exerting its influence for the best interests of Nor- 
folk. Gen. V. D. Groner is the agent. 

THE BALTIMORE STEAM PACKET COMPANY 
(Old Bay Line.) 

This Company owns and operates the most magnificent passenger steamers on the 
Atlantic coast, and they are the palace steamers of Chesapeake Bay, being new, 
adapted to a high rate of speed, beautiful in form, substantial in construction, and 
furnished most sumpiously. With travellers the line is regarded as one of the finest 
and best in the country, forming the popular trunk route between the North and 
South. Under the able management of the president, Col. John M. Robinson, assisted 
by an able corps of competent otiicers, the Company has become one of the most thor- 
oughly equipped in the country, and proved itself a most powerful adjunct in ad- 
vancing the best in terests of Noriblk. A trip upon either of the passenger boats of 
the Bay Line is not attended with the fatigue usually incident to ordinary travel. 

The Norfolk offices of the Company are on Water Street, in close proximity to the 
Norfolk and Western Railroad depot, Mr. K. B. Cooke, is the agent ; and in Ports- 
mouth the offices of the company are at the depot of the Seaboard and Roanoke 
Railroad. 

The steamers of the Bay Line make close connections at Portsmouth with the regu- 
lar pas.senger trains of the Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad, for all points South and 
South-west, and at Baltimore with the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore 
Railroad of Philadelpiiia, New York and all points North, with the Baltimore and 
Oliio, Northern Central and Pensylvania Rtiilroad for the North and North-west, 
witli the Allan, Continental, West' India and Pacific, Hopper and Johnson steamship 
Lines for Liverpool ; with the Continental for London and North German Lloyds for 
Bremen. The stt^amers of the Bay Line are : 

The Carolina, iron side-wheel, 984 tons, built in 1877; 75 state-rooms, passenger 
capacity 500, W. C. Whittle, commander. 

The Florida, wooden side-wheel, 1,280 tons, built in 1876 ; 75 state-ros-ms, passenger 
capacity 500, A, K. Cralle, commander. 

The Virginia, iron side-wheel, 1,300 tons, built in 1879 ; 80 state-rooms, passenger 
capacity 500, J. D. Dawes, commander. 

The Seaboard, iron propeller, tor Ireight, 602 tons, L. B. Eddens, commander. 

Ths Roanoke, iron propeller, for freight, 531 tons. Carter commander. 

The Transit, wooden propeller, 475 tons, North, commander. 

The Westover, iron propeller, tons, John S. Eldredge commander. 

The Gaston, iron propeller, 846 43-100 tons, for freight, Bloodsworth, commander. 

THE CANTON INSIDE LINE. 

is a daily fast freight line operated by the Philladelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore 
Railroad Company in connection with the freight steamers of the Bay Line, between 
Norfolk, Baltimore, Philadelphia and all points North, having the same connections 
here as at the Baltimore Steam Packet Company ; and at Philadelphia with the Ameri- 
can Steamspip Company's steamships for Liverpool and Antwerp. Over these lines 
through bills of lading are issued. 



126 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

THE CLYDE LINES. 

Of the large steamship interests controlled by Messrs. "W. P. Clyde & Co., of 12 
South Wharves, Phihulelphia and New York, from -whom these lines take their 
name: their New England lines, coast lines to the various States, West Indies and 
South American ports, it is hardly within our province to treat in this volume. The 
same enterprising gentlemen have, however, exerted considerable influence in aid- 
ing the development of our city and State. 

From Norfolk the}' have a line through the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal to the 
different sections of Eastern North Carolina, where they have fostered various auxil- 
iary lines, navigating the smaller streams far into the interior, using boats of lighter 
draft than iieretofore known. These enterprises have largely increased the receipts of 
cotton at this port from those sections. Their assistance in recognizing and re- 
establishing the James River Line, when the route was about being given up by the 
old company, by the aid extended by their Philadelphia line in developing the truck 
growing sections adjacent to our city, are worthy of mention. They have also taken 
large interests in different Southern roads, which connect this city and State with the 
South and Southwest. 

At Norfolk the Clyde interests are represented by Captain James W^. Mc(^arrick, 
General Southern Agent, whose office is on the Company's wharves, Water Street. The 
following vessels comprise Clyde's local fleet: 

The Everman, iron propeller, 696 tons, Jas. A. Smith, master ; Philadelphia and 
Norfolk. 

The Norfolk, wooden propeller, 500 tons, N. M. Lawson, master ; Baltimore Nor- 
folk and Richmond. 

The Defiance, wooden propeller, 400 tons, R. F. Jones master; Norfolk, Newberne 
and Washington, N. C. 

The Stout, wooden propeller, 400 tons, W. L. Pierce, master ; Baltimore, Norfolk 
and Newberne, N. C. 

The Louisa, wooden propeller, tons, R. Willis, master; Baltimore, Washington 

and Newberne, N. C. 

The Pointer, wooden propeller, 1,100 tons. S. C. Piatt, master; Philadelphia, Nor- 
folk and Richmond. 

The Experiment, wooden propeller, 400 tons, R. H. Cannon, master ; Baltimore, 
Washington and Newberne, N. C. 

The Fanita, iron propeller, 454 tons, J. S. Tunnell, master ; Philadelphia, Norfolk 
and Richmond. 

The Ashland, wooden propeller, 1,100 tons, Wm. L. Carr, master; Philadelphia, 
Norfolk and Richmond. 

THE INLAND AND SEABOARD COASTING COMPANY, AND POTOMAC 
STEAMBOAT COMPANY. 
The iron side-wheel steamer "Lady of the Lake," 700 tons, with comfortable ac- 
commodations for two hundred and forty passengers, and the '" George Leary," run 
alternately between Norfolk and Washington, D. C, leaving the Boston wharf, west 
end of Main Street. This is one of the most desirable routes to and from the city, 
connecting us with our National Capital. During the summer seasons regular ex- 
cursions over these lines are made by lovers of fresh, invigorating air. 

THE VIRGINIA STEAMBOAT COMPANY. 
(James River Line) 

The magnificent wooden side-wheel steamer '' City of Richmond," built in 1880, 
1,001 tons, running between Norfolk and Richmond, is the property of this Company 
It is the finest and swiftest river steamer running in Virginia waters. 

The Iron side-wheel steamer " Ariel," 700 tons, also belongs on the James River 
route, supplying the place of the "City of Richmond" when necessary, making tri- 
weekly trips between the two cities. 

Delightful excursions on these steamers constitute a pleasant feature of their Sum- 
mer business, passing, as they do, within full view of the oldest historical points con- 
nected with the early history of Virginia. Travellers to the Springs of Virginia and 
West Virginia find the James River Route a convenient and enjoyable one. Captain 
James W. McCarrick is the local agent of the Company, and L. B. Tatum, Esq., 
General Superintendent, at Richmond. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 127 

NORTH CAROLINA LINES. 

The Steamer HAKiUNGER,Capt. C. TT. Johnson, leaves Commerce street wharf every 
MONDAY at 12 M., and THURSDAY at 6 A. M., for Hertford, Belvidere, N. C, and 
North river fisheries, and every SUNDAY' at 7 A. M., for North river fisheries. 

The Steamer Cukrituck, Capt. J. J. Jones, leaves the wharf, foot of Commerce 
Street, every WEDNESDAY EVENING for Windsor and all points on the Cashie 
river, N. C. 

The Steamer Helex Smith, Capt. J. S. Perrj', leaves Commerce Street wharf 
every TUESDAY', THURSDAY and SATURDAY, 6 A. M., for Blackwater Bridge, 
TuU's Creek Bridge and all points on A and C. Canal. 

The Steamer Keystoxe, Capt. J. Pugh, will hereafter leave Commerce Street 
wharf every MONDAY' at (i A. M., for Murfreesboro and all landings on Chowan 
river. 

Under the efficient agency of W. Y'. John.son,Esq., these lines have greatly developed 
the carrying trade between this city and the fertile sections of North Carolina, bring- 
ing to our city the rich products of the Sound region. 

THE DISMAL SWAMP CANAL STEAMERS. 

These Steamers ply regularly through the Dismal Swamp Canal, and their cargoes 
are generally very large each way. Capt. Henry Roberts, the energetic and wide 
awake superintendent of the Canal, is also Superintendent of the Steamboat line, with 
an office on Taylors wharf, one door west of the Clyde Line wharf. The steamers and 
their routes, are as follows : 

Steamer Wm. B. Rogers, wooden propeller, 70 tons, leaves tri-weely for Elizabeth 
City and all landings on the Dismal Swamp Canal. 

Steamer J. W. Haring, wooden propeller, 40 tons, leaves tri-weekly for Suffolk, 
Whaleyville and all landings on Nansemond river. 

Steamer TiioMA.s Newton, wooden propeller, 70 tons, runs tri-weekly, between 
Norfolk, Elizabeth City and all landings on Dismal Swamp Canal. 

ROANOKE RIVER. 

The Steamer Lucy, captain Vincent, with capacity for 300 bales of cotton, leaves 
Higgins' wharf every Tuesday for all points on Roanoke River. Mr. B. Taylor is agent 
and also owner. 

ROANOKE, NORFOLK AND BALTIMORE STEAMBOAT COMPANY. 
(Roanoke River Line.) 

This company was organized in 1880, the principal executive officers being residents 
of William.stown,N. C. Their warehouses and offices are located on the McCullough 
wharf, W. E. Hudgins agent, and all the steamers, as follows, pass through the 
Albemarle and Chssapeake Canal. 

The Conohoe, iron propeller, 366 tons. Captain Walker, runs regularly between 
Baltimore, Norfolk and Roanoke River, stopping at Edenton. 

The Commerce, wooden propeller, 222 tons, Capt. Latham, runs on the same route. 

The Rotary, wooden propeller, 186 tons, Captain Minter, runs on the same route. 

The Astoria, iron propeller, 210 tons. Captain Thomas, runs between Norfolk and 
all points on Roanoke River. 

The iron Barges City Point and Petersburg are towed, when necessary for freight 
purposes, by the steamer Rotaey". 

These steamers, in addition to their Carolina freight business, take freight between 
Norfolk and Baltimore, Mr. Robert Tyson, is the agent at No. 4 Spears wharf, Baltimore. 



128 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

CLYDE'S 

Coastwise and West India 



STEAM ^^^ LINES 




BETWEEN 
New York and Charleston, S. C. 

New York and Wilmington, N. C. 

New York, Hayti and San Domingo. 

New York and West India Ports. 

Philadelphia, Richmond and Norfolk. 

Phila., Boston, Providence and Fall River. 

Philadelphia and New York. 

Philadelphia and Charleston, S. C. 

Phila., and Washington, D. C. and Alexandria, 

Virginia. 

Philadelphia, Richmond and Norfolk Line. 

WM. P. CLYDE & CO., General Managers, 

No. 35 Broadway, New York. - 12 South Wharves, Philadelphia. 
JAS. W. McCARRICK, General Southern Agent, Norfolk, Va. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



129 



M 



rji 

Lill 





BAY LINE. 



FLORirA, 
CAROLINA, 
VIRGINIA. 
GASTON, 



sfz* ie: /^ nvi: :e3 £1 s . 




TRANSIT, 
^ ^^ ROANOKE, 



SEABOARD, 
WESTOVER. 



Daily Passenger and Fast Freight Route. 

BETWEEN BALTIMORE, OLD POINT, NORFOLK, PORTSMOUTH, AND ALL 
POINTS SOUTH AND SOUTH WEST. 

Passenger Steamers leave BALTIMORE daily (except Sundays) from foot of Union Dock, at 7 P.M., 
and from Canton Wharf at 8:45 P. M., on arrival of Express Train, which leaves NEW YORK at 3:20 
P. M., and PHILADELPHIA at ry.'M P.M. 

Passengers leave WASHINGTON at 5.;iO P.M., connecting with Steamer at Canton Wharf Connect 
at PORTSMOUTH with Express train, Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad, for all points South. 

Going NORTH leave NORFOLK at 4 P. M., PORTSMOUTH, .5:30 P.M., and connects at Canton 
Wharf, BALTIMORE, with E-xpress train for PHILADELPHIA and NEW YORK, reaching PHILA- 
DELPHIA at 11 A.M., and NEW YORK at 1 P.M. BAY LINE also connects at BALTIMORE for 
WASHINGTON CITY and all points WEST and NORTH-WEST. 

THE BAY LINE DAILY FREIGHT ROUTE 

Connects BALTIMORE via the Virginia and Tennessee Air Line at NORFOLK, with all points in 
South Side and South- Western Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi; and via the 
Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard Air Line at PORTSMOUTH, with all points in North and South 
Carolina, Georgia and al! points South and South-West. Connects Noufolk and Pobtsmovth via 
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and Northern Central Railway with all points West, via "North Germ.\n 
Lloyd Link," with Bremen, "Allan," "Continental," " West India and Pacific," "Hooper and 
Johnston V Steamship Lines for Liverpool. "Continental" Line for London, Havre ; "Tully Line 
for London and Newcastle on Tyne— over all of which through Bills of Lading and rates are issued 
FREIGHT RECEIVED AND FORWARDED TWICE DAILY, EXCEPT SUNDAY. 

R. B. COOKE, Agent. 




ONLY DAILY FREIGHT ROUTE BETWEEN 

PHILADELPHIA, NORFOLK ANI) P01iTS310UTH. 



Connecting PHILADELPHIA at NORFOLK via the Virginia and Tennessee Air Line, and at 
Portsmouth with the Seaboard Air Line and At antic Coast Line for all points South and South-West. 

To insure dispatch, mark and ship your goods via CANTON INSIDE LINE. Goods received In 
Philiadelphia at Depots of P. W. & B R. R., in Norfolk and Portsmouth at wharves of BAY LINE 

TRUCK is received for Philadelpliia on Tue!^days, Thursdays and Fridays. 
aS> For particulars, enquire of 

JOHN S. WILSON, General Agent. 



130 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

Dismal Swamp Canal Company, 

NORFOLK, VA. 

{IIE-ORGANIZIED DECE3IBER \st, 1880.) 



Connecting the Waters of Chesapeake Bay with 
Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, N. C. 

The recent evtensive improvements by dredging and otherwise, securing a 

uniform depth of" water throughout, recommend this route as a 

desirable medium of transportation between the waters 

of Virginia and North Carolina. 



OFFICERS : 



JNO. B. WHITEHEAD, President. 

Capt. henry ROBERTS, Superintendent. 
S. W. GARY, Collector. 

H. C. whitehead, Secretary and Treasurer. 

DIRECTORS: 

W. H. C. ELLIS, C. W. NEWTOX, 

JAMES Y. LEIGH, CICERO BURRUSS. 

DbmaiTSwam^Canal 

Office Taylor's Wharf, one door west Clyde's Line, 
NORFOLK, VA. 

steXmers 

Wm. B. ROGERS AND THOS, NEWTON, 

l..eave for Elizabeth City and Landing.s on the Dismal Swamp Canal, 

TRI-WEEKLY. 

Steamer J. W. HARKING, 

Leaves for Suffolk, Whaleyville and Landings on the Nanseraond River, 

TRI-WEEKLY. 

jl®"' Freights for all points received daily from 8 A.M. to 6 P.M. 
Lowest Rates guaranteed. 

HENRY ROBERTS, Superintendent. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



131 



yj 



dDominioi^ Steamship Company's 

LINES. 



si'£:^^t\xs»x3:z:e>s. 



EOANOKE, 
OLD DOMINION, 

WYANOKE, 
EBEAKWATEE 
MANHATTAN 




GUTANLOTTE, 
BICHMONI), 

ALBEMAELB, 
HATTEEAS, 



One of the niagiiiticeut Passenger Steamships of the Line leaves Norfolk for New York, 

regularly every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY. 

Leave New York for Norfolk every TUESDAY, THURSDAY and SATURDAY, 

at 3 o'clock, P. M. 

RATES LOW, PASSENGER ACC03IM0DATI0NS UNEQUALLED, FREIGHT 
CAPACITY AND FACILITIES UNSURPASSED. 



FOR NEWPORT'S NEWS, CHERRYSTONE, MATHEWS, GLOUCES- 
TER, AND YORKTOWN. 



er NORTHAMPTON, Capt. P. McCarrick. leaves Norfolk at 7 A.M , every Monday, Wednesday 
dav for CHERRYSTONE, and every Tuesday, Thursdav and Satdrday for MATHEWS, 
ESTER and YORKTOWN, calling each way dailv at OLD POINT going and returniufr. 



Steamer '. 
and Friday 
GLOUCESTEE ..... .. ^ 

Freight received daily until (1 P. M. That for Mathevps, Gloucester and Yorktown must be prepaid. 
The Steamer NORTHAMPTON will, on MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS and FRIDAYS, go direct to 
NEWPORT'S NEWS, connecting there with up trains of Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and on 
TUESDAYS, THURSDAYS and S.^TURDAYS, will touch at Newport's News at 430 P.M., connecting 
with down trains of Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad for Norfolk. 



FOR OLD POINT, HAMPTON, NEWPORT'S NEWS ANDSMITHFIELD. 

The Steamer .\CCOMACIC, Captain Schermerhorn, until further notice will leave Norfolk daily 
(except Sundays) for OLD POI^T, HAMPTON, NEWPORT'S NEWS and SMITHFIELD. Returning 
leaves SmithfJL-ld daily (except Sundays at 6 A.M., and Hamitton daily (Sundays excepted at 8 A.M., 
for Norfolk via Old Point. Touches at Portsmouth going and returning. Connecting at Newport's 
News with trains of Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. 



FOK WASeiJfGTOX and ISfEWBER^TE, N. C, Ac, 

VIA ELIZABETH CITY AND NORFOLK RAILROAD, 

To ELIZ.XBETH CITY, and OLD DOMINION STE.VMSHIP CO.'S STE.VMERS, thence sailing from 
Elizabeth City every MONDAY and THURSDAY on arrival of trains for Newberne, Riverdale and 
Washington ; connecting at Washington with the Company's Ste.imcrs for Greenville, and all landings 
on Tar Hiver, South Creek, Makleysville and points on Pamlico River, and at Newberne with Midland 
North Carolina Railway and Steamers for Kinston, Trenton and points on Neuse and Trent Rivers 
and Washington. Returning Steamers leave Newberne and Washington every TUESDAY and FRI- 
D.\Y, making immediate connections at Elizabeth City with trains for Norfolk, and there with 
Steamers for all Northern points. 
4®- Freioht Received daily and forwarded pbomptly at Lowest Rates. 

CULPEPER & TURNER, Agents. 



132 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

11 



P 



m. 



Providence and Liverpool. 

THE OIl\' DIREtT Ll il TO BOSYO I IID PEOll 

THE MERCHANTS' AND MINERS' TRANSPORTATION CO., are 

uow running their new and first-class Steamships for 

BOSTonsr, 

Leaving NORFOLK every TUESDAY cand FRIDAY. 
Leaving Norfolk every WEDNESDAY § SATURDAY. 

For LIVERPOOL, by the Cunard, Warren and Leyland Lines, from 
Boston each week. 

For further information apply to 

V. D. GRONER. Agent. 

DAILY STEAMERS FOR 

Washington, Georgetown, Alexandria, 

POTOMAC RIVER LANDINGS and Points 

NORTH AND WEST I 

THE INLAND AND SEABOARD COASTING COMPANY'S 

Splendid Steamer, 

LADY OF THE LAKE, 

LEAVES BOSTON STEAMER'S WHARF 

Every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 4 o'clock P.M. 

And POTOMAC STEAMBOAT COMPANY'S Splendid Steamer 

GEORGE LEARY, 

LEAVES BOSTON STEAMER'S WHARF 

Every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 5 o'clock P. M. 

Tickets sold, Staterooms reserved, aud orders for Baggage received by W. Talbot 
W ALKE, under Atlantic Hotel. 

B@- STEAMERS STOP AT OLD POINT EACH WAY."®g 

V. D. GRONEH, Agent. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 133 

VIRGINIA 

TEAMBOAT COMPANY I 

I 

a 

STEAMERS 




CITY OF EICHMOND 
AND AEIEL. 

CHEAPEST AND MOST COMFOKTABLE KOUTE TO 

RICHMOND! 



.A^JSriD ^ T.-r. 



POINTS WEST ! 

BEAUTIFUL VIEWS OF HISTORIC AND ^\ SCENERY 

ALONG JAMES RIVER. 

The Most Delightful WATER ROUTE in the Country, 

STEAMER LEAVES 

CLYDE'S WHARF, Tri-Weekly, 

TOUCHING AT PORTSMOUTH. 

J. W. McCARRICK, Agent. Norfolk. 
L. B. TATUM, Supt., Richmond. 



134 



NORFOLK A8 A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



INLAND NAVIGATION! 



THE 





TOGETHER WITH THE 



Chesapeale & Oelaware Canal & Delaware and Raritan Canal, 

FORM THE GREAT INLAND NAVIGATION FROM 

NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA AND BALTIMORE, 



TO 



BY CANALS AND INLAND NAVIGATION FOR STEAMBOATS, SAILING 
VESSELS, RAFTS, &c., AVOIDING IHE DANGERS OF HAT- 
TERAS AND THE COAST OF NOKTH CAROLINA- 
SAVING TIME AND INSURANCE. 




DIMENSIONS OF CANLS AND LOCKS: 



CANALS. 


MILES. 




LOCKS. 








Length 


Width 


Depth 






Fee*. 


Feet 


Feet. 


Albemarle aud Chesapeake Canal 


- 14 


220 


40 


7 


Chesapeake and Delaware Canal 


. . 14 


220 


24 


9 


Delaware and Karitau Canal 


4S 


220 


24 


7 


Erie, of New York - . . . 


- . 345 


110 


18 


7 



|l^° Light-draft steamers bound to Charleston, Savannah, Florida and the West 
Indies take this Route. 

Steam tug-boats leave Norfolk, towing sail vessels, barges, rafts, &c., to and from 
North Carolina to Baltimore, Philadelpliia and New York. 

Freight steamers leave Norfolk for the following places: Edenton, Elizabeth City, 
Hertford, Plymouth, Jamesville. Williamston, Hamilton, Hill's Ferry, Palmyra, Scot- 
land Neck, Halifax, Weldon, Columbia, Fair Field, Windsor, Winton,Gatesville, Mur- 
freesboro, Franklin, Currituck, Coinjock, Roanoke Island, Washington, Greensville. 
Tarboro, Indiantovvn, Bay River and Newberne. 

For rates of tolls, towing, maps, charts, &c., apply to 

H. V. LESLEY, Treasurer C & D. Canal Co., 

528 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

M. COURTRIGHT, Esq., 

Boom 46, No. 55 Broadway, New York. 

Or to MARSHALL PARKS, 

President Albemarle aud Chesapeake Canal Co., Norfolk, Ya. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 135 

NOmTH CAROLINA 

Captain C If. JOHNSON, 

Until further notice will lenvc Commerce Street AVharf every MO.^DAY at 12 M., 

and THURSDAY at 6 A.M., for Hertford, Belvidere, N. C, and North 

River fisheries, and on every SUM DAY at 7 A.M., for 

North River fisheries. 

STEAMER CURRITUCK, 

Captain J. J. JONES, 

Hereafter will leave the wharf, foot of Commerce Street, every WEDNESDAY Even- 
ing for Windsor and all points on the Cashie River, N. C. 

STEi^MER KEYSTONE, 

Captain J. PUGH, 

Hereafter will leave Commerce Street Wharf, every MONDAY at 6 A. M., for Mur- 
freeshoro and landings on Chowan River. 

Steamer HELEN SMITH, 

Captain J. S. PERRY, 

Will leave the wharf foot of Commerce Street, every TUESDAY, THURSDAY and 

SATURDAY for Blackwater Bridge, Tull's Creek Bridge, and all points 

on Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal. 

Freights received every day. For farther information apply to 

W. Y. JOHN SON, AGENT. 

B. TAYLOR, 

HERAL Commission Merchai(t, 



HIGGINS' WHARF, 



NORFOLK, VA, 



Special attention paid to the handling of Cotton^ Staves^ 
Shingles, (Peanuts and all other Country Products. 



ALSO, GENERAL AGENT FOR 

TAYLOR'S ROANOKE LINE. 

The New Iron Steamer LUCY, 

Will leave Higgins' Wharf every TUESDAY at 4 P. M., for all landings on the 
Roanoke River as high up as Bridges' Ferry. Freight received daily at Higgins' 
Wharf, and will be carried as low as by any other line. 



136 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

THE 



Norfolk and Westei|n Rjiil|ad 



AND THE 



VIl[GipjENNESSEE>H.DGEOI|(;iiljliR-L[H^E, 



THE 



Great Southern Mail 



AND 



KENESAW ROUTE. 

More than 2,200 Miles under one Management, reaching 
every important Town and City in the 

SOUTH -IWKST I 



DOUBLE DAILY PASSENGER TRAINS 

FROM 

LYISrCHBURG. 

PULLMAN Sleeping cars 

THROUGH FROM LYNCHBURG TO 



IMPROVED LEIGHTON SLEEPING CARS 

THROUGH FROM LYNCHBURG TO 

M E MPH IS! 

The Especial Attention of Visitors to tlie VIRGINIA SPRINGS is called to this 

Route as the most conyeuient, comfortable and lowest. 

Direct and Short Eoute to the following favorite Summer Resorts: 

VELLOW SULPHUR SPRINGS, ALLEGHANY SPRINGS, COYNER'S WHITE 

AND YELLOW SULPHUR SPRINGS, BLUK RIDGE SPRINGS, 

BEDFORD ALUM SPRINGS. 

Tourists and pleasure seekers will cousult their convenience by securing tickets via 

this route. A '' Guide Book " to its Summer Resorts mailed free to any address, upon 

application to either of the undersigned, 

CHAS. P. HATCH, L. S. BROWN, Gen'l Traveling Agent, Lynchburg, Va. 
Gen>l F. and Pass. Agt. W. A. CARPENTER, Asst. G. F. & Pass. Agt. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES, 



137 



THE OliiD RELIABLi: ! 



iillJlESlKlKiilllif 



FROM 



Boston, Providence^ New York, 
Philadelphia ^ Baltimore^ 

AND FROM 

NORFOLK, PETERSBURG, RICHMOND I LYNCHBURG, 



TO ALL POINTS 

a^..^— r^^ Through Rates Given and Quick Time lUade. 411 Claimij) 
•^iSr^ tor Liosses, Damages or Overcharges promptly adjusted. 

THIS LINE IS COMPOSED OF 

Merchants' & Miners Transportation Co., from Providence ; Old Dominion Steamship 

Co., from New York ; Phila , Wilmington & Baltimore K.R., and Clyde Line 

Steamers from Philadelphia ; Baltimore Steam Packet Co., from 

Baltimore ; Norfolk and Western (A, M. & O.) R. R.; EastTenn., 

Va. & Georgia R.R.; Memphis & Charleston R.R., 

Nashville, Chat. & St. Louis R.R.; Western & Atlantic R.R.; Selma, Rome & Dalton 

R.R.; Alabama Central R.R.; Vicksburg & Meridan R.R.; Mobile & Ohio R.R. 

New Orleans, St. Louis & Chicago R.R., and their connections. 

Erne your Goods Marked;- VA., TENN. & G-A. AIR LINE. 



AGENTS; 



C. P. GAITHER, - - - 240 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON. 

E. H. ROCKWELL, INDIA POINT, PROVIDENCE. 

THOMAS PINCKNEY, General Agent, - 303 BROADWAY, N. Y. 

JOHN S. WILSON, 44 8. FIFTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA- 

W. P. CLYDE & CO., 12 SOUTH WHARVES. PHILADELPHIA. 

W. H. FITZGERALD, • 157 W. BALTIMORE STREET, BALTIMORE. 

W. T. PAYNE, Agent Claims and Expenses, Norfolk, Ya. 



138 



NORFOLK A8 A BUSINESS CENTRE; 



DENNIS SIMMONS, President, J. W. DAVENPORT, Treasurer, 

Williaiiiston, N. C. Williaraslon, N. C. 

JOHN D. BIWGS, Treasurer, Willianiston, N. C. 

ROANOKE RIVER LINE. 

* 

Roanoke, Norfolk @ Baltimore 
steamboat company. 

McCuUougli's Wharf, Town Point, Norfolk, Va. 

leaves direct for all Landings on the Roanoke River as high as Bridges 
Ferry, every TUESDAY at 6 P. M. 

Steamers CONOHO, COMMERCE and ROTARY, 

with Barges CITY POINT and PETERSBURG, are running regularly, 
making almost a daily line from Norfolk to Roanoke River, touching at 
Edenton each trip. Freight must be prepaid to all landings except Eden- 
ton, Plymouth, Jamesville, Williamston and Hamilton. 

Freight also received for Baltimore. Freight received from 8 A. M. to 
sunset, and as low as by any other line. 

W. E. HUDGINS, Agent. 



Before Purchasing Tickets Elsewhere, 

CALL AT THE 

Branch Ticket Office 

OF THE 

\m\\\ m m\\\ \m\\\ 

Santos' building, Main street, 
tickets on sale to all local stations. through 

TICKETS TO Points WEST, NORTH-WEST, SOUTH, 
SOUTH-WEST AND TEXAS POINTS. 

BAGG-AGE CHECKED TO DESTINATION. 

Write to L. S. Brown, General Traveling Agent, Lynchburg, Va., for 
Guide Book to Summer Resorts and illustrated description of the Norfolk 
and Western Railroad. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 139 

THE GREAT 

ATLANTIC COAST LINE 

Via PORTSMOUTH, VA. 

TO AND FROM 

Boston, Providence, New York, 

PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, NORFOLK, 



AND ALL 



Eastern Cities, 



TO ALL POINTS 






lu1,j.uXXm MU^ !mJl 



Obserye the following excellent Schedule of Connections : 

BOSTON — Merchants* and Miners' Transportation Company. 

PROVIDENCE— Providence, Norfolk and Baltimore Stsamship Companj. 
NEW YORK— Old Dominion Steamship Companj. 

PHILADELPHIA— Canton Inside Line yia P. W. & B. R. R. 
BALTIMORE— Baltimore Steam Packet Company. 
For further Information apply to 

A. POPE, G-eneral Passenger Agent. 
SOL HAAS, General Freight Agent. 



140 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



1 




L I 



Via PORTSMOUTH, VA. 

EXPRESS FREIGHT LINE 

BETWEEN ALL POINTS 

North and South! 



STEAMSHIPS TO PORSTMOUTH, THENCE IN THROUGH 

CARS VIA RALEIGH, HAMLET, CHARLOTTE, 

ATLANTA, AND ALL POINTS SOUTH 

AND SOUTH-WEST. 

SHIP from the NORTH by the following LINES : 

BOSTON— Merchants* and Miners* Transportation Companj, 
PROVIDENCE— Providence, Norfolli and Baltimore S. S. Co., 
NEW YORK— Old Dominion Steamship Company, 
PHILADELPHIA— Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, 

«' Clyde Line, 

BALTIMORE— Baltimore Steam Packet Company, 

For further information apply to 

F. W. CLARK, G-eneral Agent. 



A. POPE, 

General Passenger Agent. 



SOL HAAS, 
General Freight Agent. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



141 



iS 




m 



THE 

nil 



J] 



rr 



m 



Railway Travel, 



EMBRACING 



The [[ICHMOp k DAHYILLE p. 
The ATLANTIC COjlST LINE 
The seaboard >IR-LINE 



SYSTEM 



OF 



RAILROADS. 



THESE ARE THE 



[[llOliG RAILWA! ROUTES Of THE UNITED STATES 

TO THE 

Southern /nd Southwesteijn St/tes Thei^eoe, 

Composed of operated (Railways extending 3,000 miles • 
traversing the State of Virginia, extending through the 
States of J^orih and South Carolina into Georgia, Ala- 
bama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, and over zvhich 
special United States Fast Mail and (Double ''Daily 
(Passenger Trains run with extended (Pullman Car Ser- 
vice Air-(Brakes, and all modern appliances. All-rail 
connections from J^ew York, ^Philadelphia, (Baltimore, 
via Washington or via (Richmond. 



142 



NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 



m 






n 



m 



Uli iiUI 



n 




ui ih 




EGIAL [[A 

Epili COHfiECTIOHS, 

N CITIES, 



FROM HEW YORK jlND ALL 

TO ALL POINTS IN THE 

SOUTH AND SOUTH-WEST, 

OVER THESE LINES. 



The Richmond and Danville System, 

Traversing the well-known Piedmont belt of Virginia, and 
the Carolina, with its stretches of picturesque mountain views 
and fertile valleys, thence via Atlanta to Montgomery, Mo- 
bile, New Orleans and Texas, or via Charlotte and Columbia 
to Augusta, Charleston, Savannah, and Florida, saving many 
miles of travel, and offering superior transportation facilities. 

The Virginia Midland Railway, 

Controlled and operated by the Richmond and Danville Rail- 
road, which, starting at Washington, penetrates the fairest 
portions of the Valley of Virginia, and unites at Danville^ 
after a run of 232 miles, with the Richmond and Danville 
main line, and In many respects offers superior attractions; 
Also, 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 



143 



A T 



H 



FROM BALTIMORE 

Via CHESAPEAKE BAY to WEST POINT, 

and thence by rail to Richmond, then uniting 
with the main stem of the Richmond and 
Danville System; also, another great line : 

Atlantic Coast Line 

OF Rail^vays, 

Leading via Wilmington to Charleston, Savan- 
nah and Florida, v^^ith its offer of part wpter 
route, should the traveler prefer to avail him- 
self of a night on the Chesapeake Bay from 
Baltimore to Norfolk. 

The 
SEABOAED AIE-LINE 

FROM NORFOLK via RALEIGH, 

Penetrates middle North Carolina, and extends 
until its union with other portions of the As- 
sociated System at Charlotte. 



144 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

ONE MILLION ACRES 

OF 

Farming, Grazing, Vine-Growing 

AND 

MINERAL LANDS 

CONTROLLED 

By the associated RAILWAYS 

THROUGH THE LAND BUREAl^ 

OF ITS 

PASSENGER DEPARTMENT. 

IMMIGRATION. 

The cause of Immigration is especially ad- 
vocated by these lines. Immigrants are invited 
to occupy the lands we control and reach, and 
aid in developing the agricultural and mineral 
resources. 

Arrangements have been perfected by which 
a complete system of settlers' and immigrants' 
fares from New York and leading Eastern cities 
exist to each station upon the lines of railway 
of this organization, and the attention of per- 
sons seeking homes, of investors and capitalists 
is invited to the 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES, 145 

MAGNIFICENT 

V\^ATER-POV\^ERS, 

DEVELOPED AND UNDEVELOPED, 

GOLD, SILVER, IRON and OTHER MINES 

AND THE 

Boundless Foi[ests of Valuable Woods. 

• 

Exhibits (supplied on application), concern- 
ing unimproved lands, improved farms, sites 
for manufacturing purposes, supplies and loca- 
tion of growing hard woods, deposits of miner- 
als, metals and building materials, together with 
facts of physical attractions, accessibility to 
RAILWAY OR WATER TRANSPORTATION, and desi- 
rable markets. 

Full information concerning which, the important points 
we reach, and in all matters of tickets, time tables, sleeping 
car reservations, etc., etc., to be had on application to either 
of the Eastern Agents of the line, viz : 

H. P. CLARK, 306 "Washington Street, Boston, 
Mass., 229 Broadway, New York. 

B. H. FELT WELL, 1348 Chestnut St., Phila. 

A. L. REED, 511 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washing- 
ton, D. C, or 9 G-erman Street, Baltimore, Md. 

N. MACDANIEL, 601 Pennsylvania Ave., Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

Or to the undersigned, 

General Passenger and Ticket Agent, 

RICHMOND, VA. 



146 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE 




II mm 



AND 

IMPROVEMENT COMPANY, 



This Company, incorporated by the Legislature of Virginia, 

January, 1882, is making surveys and plans for 

the construction of a 

NARROW-GAUGE RAILWAY 

from Norfolk to the sea beach, some six miles below Cape 
Henry and seventeen miles from Norfolk. 

The seaside HOTEL and LAND CO., 

have purchased nine farms, em})racing a territory some 
five and a half miles in extent, comprising the finest farms in 
that section and a sea beach that cannot be excelled on the 
Atlantic coast. The lands are highly productive and furnish 
all that is required for man or beast. In the rear of these 
farms are the waters of Lynnhaven, celebrated for oysters and 
fish. 

The property purchased contains several thousand acres 
and is being laid out into streets, squares and parks, and, as 
the frontage on the Atlantic is over five miles in extent, ample 
room will be found for all who may desire to build hotels, 
cottages, etc. The Railroad will be seventeen miles long, 
over a level country and nearlv straight. 

PMGER TfiflmS WILL RMTHE lEACtl inHIRT! 

MINUTES OR LESS FROM NORFOLK, 

Parties who may wish to obtain lots for cottages, hotels or 
club-houses, may address, 

MARSHALL PARKS, President. 

NORFOLK, VA. 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 147 

ELIZABETH CITTl NORFOLK RAILROAD, 



NEAV AND POPULAR ROUTE 

Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, 
and Washins^ton, 

Via ISrORFOLK, V^., and 

Elizabeth City, Hertford, Edenton, Plymouth, James- 

ville, Williamston, Hamilton, Hill's Ferry, 

Newherne, Washington, Makleysville, 

South Creek, 

And all Points in Eastern North Carolina. 

TWEf(TY TO TWENTY-FOUR HOURS SHORTER th/1(/ny OTHEii^ LINE. 

QUICK, SAFE AND CHEAP TRANSPORTATION 
FOR PASSENGERS and MERCHANDISE. 
STOP OVER CHECKS ON LOCAL TICKETS. 

M. K. KING-, G-eneral Manager. 



"NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES," 

IS PUBLISHED ANNUALLY, 

Corner Main and Commerce Streets, Norfolk, Va. 
BY GARY W. JONES. 

o 

The guaranteed gratnituoiis edition is 1,500 copies. It is the recognized organ of 
the solid business houses of the city. 

After the date of issue, when all gratuituous copies have been circulated, extra 
copies will be mailed to any address upon receipt of price, 50 cents. 

C. HALL WINDSOR, 
Bookseller and Stationer, 

No. 5 BANK STREET, 
NORFOLK, VA. 

The BELLAMY QAILLERY. 

SOME OF THE BEST ARTISTS IN THE CITY ARE ENGAGED. 

Best material only used. Every convenience and more accessories than any other 
Gallery in the city. Pictures copied, Oil and Water Color Painting, Crayon, IndiA 
Ink and Pastel, at the lowest prices. 



148 KORFOLK A8 A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

LEADING BANKS, CORPORATIONS, 
I BUSINESS HOUSES OF NORFOLK. 



In all business centres are to be found individuals and firms who have attained that 
prominence in business for which their competitors labored unsuccessfully. Some are 
in the beginning, possessed of large capital and everything <avorable to the achieve- 
ment of success, but through mismanagement, errors in judgment or some of the many 
hindrances, never become distinguished, except perhaps as failures ; others with energy, 
enterprise and sterling integrity, win their way until their names become synonyms 
of success. The firms and corporations, mentioned in the following notices are the 
most prosperous and progressive in Norfolk. 

THE EXCHANGB NATIONAL BANK 

Is to-day one of the most prosperous and substantial moneyed institutions in the. 
Southern States. The building, illu'^trated on page 21, is strikingly handsome, its 
interior forming one commodious and elegant room, which is furnished with every 
accessory for e.xpediting and simplifying the business of the bank. The autliorized 
capital is 55500,000, of which *.301),000 is paid in ; besides it has $150,000 surplus. The 
bank is also the designated depository and financial agent of the United States. The 
oflScers are as follows: Hon. JohnB. Whitehead, President; James G. Bain, Vice 
President; George M. Bain, .Tr, Cashier ; James H. Toomer, Assistant Cashier. (See 
page 64.) 

THE CITIZENS' BA.NK 

Was incorporated in 1867, and like its sister banks, has punctually declared dividends 
upon its capital stock, bespeat^ing for the institution an able and judicious manage- 
ment. The directory is composed of wealthy, influential men, who are yet actively 
engaged in business pursuits, and who appreciate the subject of finance in its most 
intricate phases. The building of the Citizens' Bank is shown in view of Main Street, 
page 34 being the second from right-hand corner. Tlie officers are: Wm. H. Peters, 
President; Wm. W. Chamberlaine, Vice President; Walter H. Dovle, Cashier. (See 
page (66.) 

THE MARINE BANK 

Was chartered, under our State laws, in June, 1872, and began business at 146 Main 
Street, subsequently the beautiful gnnite building, conspicuous in view of Main Street, 
page 34, was purchased and its interior remodeled lor the accomodation of the 
largely increased business of the bank. The officers and directors are men of ac- 
knowledged ability, and under their management the bank has taken high rank. The 
ofiicers are : Col. Walter H. Taylor, President ; Hugh N. Page, Acting Cashier. (See 
page 65.) 

THE HOME SAVINGS BANK 

Is, as the name implies, a savings bank, and was established under charter in 1874. 
The cash capital of the bank is $2a,0')0, to which is added a surplus of $3,000. The 
authorized capital is $100,000. Since its organization it has aftbrded all classes an 
opportunity to accumulate their smallest earnings, and its success is a matter of con- 
gratulation. The building is illustrated on page 32. Tli^i officers are : George E. 
Bo wden, President; George S. Oldfield, Vice President; H. 0. Percy, Cashier, (See 
page 65.) 

THE BANK OF COMMERCE 

Was organized under State charter July 1st, 1878, and the building (shown as third 
from the corner, on page 33) formerly owned by the People's National Bank, on Main 
at the head of Commerce Street, is devoted to its uses. The Success of the Bank of 
Commerce has been commensurate with the rapid commercial advancement of the 
city. The officers ars : James E. Barry, President Wm. S. Wilkinson, Cashier. (See 
page 63,) 



ITS rEINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 149 

E. T. POWELL & SON 

Wholesale Grocers. 
This firm which succeeded Enstman, Powell & Co., occupies the lirjre and splendid 
warehouse N. E. corner of Water aud Commerce Streets, including Nos. 90 Water and 
41 Commerce Streets, frontiii,;^ on the Jormer 40 and running back 13!) feet on the 
latter. Tiie building is three stories hi^h, alTfording ample storage capacity. The 
present firm is composed of two members, Messrs, E. T. & .1. li. Powell, the latter 
having been admitted in July 18S1. Bjing id>mtified with the second largest branch 
of business in Norfolk, aud liaviug an extensive trade in this Sc^ction, tlie house stands 
to-day among the most prominent in Norfolk. (See pages 73 and 74). 

M. L. T. DAVIS & CO., 
AVholesale Gkocers. 
Commenced business in 18G3, on Koanoke Square, under firm style of Davis & Bro. 
After a few years the business of the firm had so increased as to render the provision 
of greater facilities Jbr its accommodation necessary, when the warehouse S. E. corner 
of Water and Commerce Streets was built. This building lias three floors aud base^ 
ment, 2.'ixl<HJ i'eet, with an addition in the rear forming an L. About the year 1874 
Mr. B. D. Thomas, a former clerk, was admitted to a partnership, and the present firm 
style adopted. With every facility for the conduct of th^ business, the firm controls 
an extensive and excellent trade. (See page 75.) 

JAMES M. BUTT, 
Railroad, Steamboat and Machixist.s' f-uppLiEs. 
This house wasestabli.shed in 1869, the firm name being Forbes, Butt &, White, sub- 
sequently Forbes, iS: Butt; the latter was dissidved in 1876 by the death of Mr. N. S 
Forbes, .Mr. .Tames -M. Butt succeeding to the busine.ss. At the store No. ■'> Market 
square, which is three stories high, 2,5x70 feet, a large and well assorted .stock of all 
goods pertaining to the busine.ss, is kept. The high standing and success of the house 
is unquestioned. (See page 90.) 

E. V. WHITE & CO., 
Railroad, Steamboat and Mill Supplies. 
The partners of this firm are Captain E. V. White and Charles Schroeder, both of 
whom are practical engineers. The partner.ship was formed in 1873, although the 
senior member h.id previously been in the bu.siness since 18(J6, entering in 1869 the 
Norlblk firm of Forbes, Butt t*i White, from which he withdrew in 1873 to form tlie 
present firm. The senior partner was for several years identified with the trade of 
Baltimore, traveling as far South as Cub:», and he is the acknowledged originator of 
this branch in Norfolk. The spirit of enterptise and business energy of the partners 
have combined to gain for the house a large and satisfactory trade, wliich continues to 
increase each year. (See inside of back cover.) 

JAMES REID & CO., 
Norfolk Steam Bakery. 
This widely known establishment was started in 1856 by Mr. James Peid, and it 
has since become one of the staunchest manufactories in Norfolk, sending its products 
to all parts of the country. The Bakery employs the .services of between 30 and 40. 
hands, and has capacity for 100 barrels of flour per day. The .salesrooms of the firm 
are in that beautiful press brick building, shown on page 35, just back of which, 
on Elizabeth Street, is the factory proper. The materials iise^l in this establishment 
are always obtained from Norlblk dealer.s, thus reducing to practice the theory of 
" Home Patronage." James Peid, W. T. Nimmo and C. C. Peid are the partners. 
(See page 80.) 

FREEMAN, LLOYD, MASON & DRYDEN. 
PocoMOKE Fertilizer Manufacturers. 
Tins firm began business in 1876 at Pocomoke City, Md., under the style of Freeman 
& Co. In 1880, a branch office was established at Higgins' wharf, in this city, and it 
is now under the personal direction of the senior partner. During the fall of 1881 the 
firm erected on the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth river, three aud a half miles 
from Norfolk, the largest fertilizer factory in the South. It contains every appliance 
known in the manufacture of fertilizers. The building is 90x100 feet square, 4 stories 



150 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

high and contains 27,000 square feet of flooring, Conimuuif.'ation with Norfolk is had 
by steam and sailing vessels, the firm owning both kinds. The factory at Pocomoke 
is two stories high, fronts 58 feet on Pocomoke river, rnnning back 138 feet and has 
storage rooms for 1,000 tons of guano. The capacity of the two factories is loO tons 
per day. Since this firm has become in part a Norfolk one, its trade in Virginia and 
the South has grown wonderfull.y, the superior merits of Pocomoke fertilizer winning 
for it the highest appreciation among farmers and planters. (See page 96.) 

CHARLES KEID & SON, 
Manufacturers of Standard Fertilizers. 
This house is one of the old landmarks of our city, having been founded in 1821, 
Besides being largely engaged in the manufacture of standard brands of fertilizers 
such as " Farmers' Favorite" and " Farmers' Challenge," both of which are used by our 
farmers, who recognize in them purity and excellence, the firm does a gener/d com- 
mission business, and deals largely in Staves, Treenails, etc. The earliest history of 
the firm was associated with the stave trade, at one time the largest of the port. The 
partners are Charles Reid andGeorge C. Reid. The first named is also President of the 
Board of Harbor Commissioners, and one of the oldest merchants continuously engaged 
in business in this city. The firm stands to-day, as it has always done, among the 
most enterprising and successful in Eastern Virginia. The firm's factory is on the 
Southern Branch, about four miles from the city, near the Gilmertoa Lock, on the 
Dismal Swamp Canal. (See page 97.) 

PETERS & REED, 
Commission Merchants, Stave and Lumber Dealers. 
This house was established in the year 1855. The present partners are William H. 
Peteis and Washington Reed. Its foreign and coastwise trade is large, and extends 
tr the West India Islands. Liverpool and many Mediterrane:in ports. Besides tiie 
oftjo.'s Oil Main Street, Norfolk, the firm controls on the Portsmouth side of the river 
superior storage and shipping facilities, owning wharf property fronting 226 feet on 
port warden's line, extending back 380 feet, witli two slips, capable of accommodating 
large ocean steamers. This property is also connected vvitli the S. & R. Railroad by 
tracks laid across and through its entire length. The exportation of Staves has been 
carried on successfully and largely by the firm, which is regarded as one of the most 
reliable and piogrcssive in the City. (See page 1 14.) 

S. A. STEVENS & CO., 
Furniture, Carpeting and Pianos. 
This firm commenced business in 1865 at No. 8 Roanoke avenue, where the business 
was continued until its volume demanded additional facilities for its accommodation. 
In response to this demand the firm leased Johnson's Hall, occupying it until 1868, 
when the elegant and imposing structure corner of Main and Granby Streets was 
erected by the firm. This building, illustrated on page 39, is three stories high, front- 
ing on M ain Street 50 feet, and on Granby Street. 180 feet, furnishing 27,000 square 
feet storage, not including the cellars. The building was recently greatly improved 
by the addition of the fourth floor and a freneh roof. The house contains a large and 
elegant stock, including every variety of Furniture, Floor Coverings, Pianos, etc. The 
partners are S. A. Stevens and Jerome S. Ames. (See page 08.) 

W. F. ALLEN & CO., 

Wholesale Grocers, 
Commenced business in 1864. The partners, W. F. Allen and James T. Borura, are 
also members of the commission firm of Pearce, Allen <fe Borum, 20 and 22 Commerce 
Street. The firm's warehouse, corner of Water Street and Rothery's Lane, front 
36x200 feet, embracing Nos. 99 Water Street and 18 to 30 Rothery's Lane, where 
abundant room is had for storing their large and varied stock. The firm is in the full 
enjoyment of an extensive trade, each season increasing in volume. No changes 
have occurred in the firm since its original organization. (See page 76.) 

T. A. WILLIAMS & DICKSON, 
Wholesale Grocers. 
The partners of this firm are Theoderick A. Williams and Wm.C. Dickson. The 
original firm name was T. A. Williams & Co., and Mr. Dickson was^' )r several years a 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 151 

member of the lirm, but llie present style was not adopted until about January 1st, 
1881. The old firm commenced business in 1878. With a keen appreciation of the 
wants of the trade, Messrs. T. A. Williams & Dickson have established themselves 
among the most progressive of our business firms. (See page 72.) 

THE ELIZABETH IRON WORKS, 
Charles W. Pettit, Proprietor. 

The business of these works was established by the present proprietor's father in 
1854, at the old Gosport Iron Works, and subsequantly removed to 2.S0 and 282 Water 
Street. The property embraces a very largo area, running through one block I'rom 
Water to Main Streets, fronting 44 feet each way, and it luis a depth of 290 feet The 
difterent departments of the Elizabeth Iron Works are supplied witli every imagina- 
ble kind of machinery' necessary to the business. A large force of skilful mechanics 
is kept steadily employed in the model, boiler, foundry and other rooms. The repu- 
tation of the establisliment for excellent work, secures for its extensive patronage in 
Virginia and North Carolina. (See page 112.) 

W. A. GRAVES. 
BxEAJi Section'al Marine Railway, Saw axd Planing Mills. 
The extensive property known as Graves' Ship-yard, comprising Nos. 209 to 223 
Water Street, presents at all times one of the most active scenes to be found in this city. 
The railway has capacity for vessels of 900 tons register. About 7o caulkers and car- 
penters are regularly employed. The property fronts on the channel 220 feet and on 
Water Street 178 feet. Saw and plaining mills are also on the premises, the lormer 
are fitted up with every improvement known to the business, including large band 
saws. The capacity of the mil! is from 12,000 to 15,000 feet of board per day. Tha 
business was established in 1840. (See page 108.) 

JAMES POWER & CO., 
Iron Yard and Metal House. 
This firm commenced business at its present wholesale stand, 26 and 28 Rowland's 
wharf, in 1867. The business of the house consists principally of the purchase and 
sale of new and second hand Machinery, Metals, Chains, Anchors, etc. The purchase 
of Old Wrecks, Steamers, Vessels, Mills, etc., is made a specialty. On page 40 their 
principal warehouse is illustrated. (See page 109.) 

GEO. W DUVAL & CO., 
Norfolk Iron Works. 
This well known firm was organized in 1876, although the senior partner established 
him.self in business in 1858. The partners are George W. Duval and W. H. Ridgewell. 
Their works are at the northeastern corner of Water and Nebraska Streets, where they , 
manufacture all classes of Machiner3', Engines, Boilers, Mills, paying especial atten- 
tion to every description of steamboat work. The fixmous Duval Patent Boiler Tube 
Ferrules are manufactured by them. (See page 108.) 

W. F. ALLEN, 
Wholesale Liquors. 
With the growth of Norfolk, the business of this house has kept steady pace, until 
it is the largest and most reliable in the city, in the trade. Mr. Allen is also of the 
firm of W. F. Allen & Co., Wholesale Grocers, and Pearce, Allen & Borum, Commission 
Merchants. His stock at No. 90 Water Street, embraces Whiskies, Brandies, Gins, etc., 
of various makers and vintages, that are known and appreciated by the trade. (See 
page 69.) 

S. N. BRICKHOUSE & CO., 
Wholesale Boots and Shoes. 
After 21 yeare active participation in the wholesale trade of this city by the present 
senior partner, the above firm began business in the massive brick building corner of 
Water and Commerce Streets (see illustration, page 51), which is three stories high, 
30x130 feet, in 1877. From the day of its inception to the present the firm has drawn 
a large and valuable patronage from the South. The entire stock is always obtained 
direct from the factories, and selected with special reference to the wants of the Vir- 
ginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Tennessee Trade, and offered at 
prices identical with those of Boston or the East. (See page 88.) 



152 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE ; 

REYNOLDS BROS., 

GeXEKAL MEKCIfANTS AND SHIPPERS. 

This is one of the most eiiterprisii)<:; firms eiiir.ified in the Foreign trarle on the South 
Atlantic Coast, and it may be said that the Foreign trade of Norfollv li;is been devel- 
oped tlirongh its enterprise and untiring zeal. 'J'lit^ partners are "William D. and Henry 
S. Keynolds, who formed the firm of Reynolds Bro.s. in ISGT, when our e.xport trade 
was ill its infancy. Tiie firm are extensive siiippers of < otton to Liverpool, and a 
sjiecialty is made of importing salt. The first steamship cleared by the Messrs. liey- 
nolds was the " Brazillian," which left this port for Liverpool in.Taunary, 1867, with a 
cargo of Cotton, Corn, Tobacco, of an aggregate value of $3.30,000. The wharves and 
oflices of the firm are at Town Point, West end of Water Street, in close pro.\imity to 
the Cotton centre of the city. The Sealioard Cotton Press, shown on page S;!, is the 
property of this firm, as is also the property known as the '' Cotton Exchange Build- 
ing." in Liverpool, England, the business of the firm is transacted at No. 7 Rumfbrd 
Street. (See page 87.) 

MYERS & CO., 
STEAM.SHIP Agents and Ship Brokers. 
This house was established in 1786 under the name of Moses Myers & Sons, and it 
did a large business with the West Indies and the Nnrthern of Europe, owning (for 
those days) large vessels. In 181:2 the .senior partner l)ecanie Vice Consul for France, 
and the firm FredericI; ]\Iyers & Bros., the senior was then Consul for the Netherlands 
and Vice Consul for Brazil. At his deatli in 183-2 Mr. Myer Myers succeeded him in 
these Consulates, and the firm continued in his name until 1840, when his nephew, 
Mo.ses Myer.s, was admitted as a partner and the style changed to Myers <S: Co. In 
1856 Mr. Mv'cr Myers became Vice Consul of Gieat Britain, succeeding the novelist 
G. P. R. James, and was in turn .succeeded by Mr. i'artcm Myers in 1877 in the Vice 
Consulates of Great Britain, Nethcrhnuls and Brazil. The bu.siness of the house has. 
through the growth of years, become extensive and important. (See Page 87.) 

ATLANTIC HOTEL., 
R. S. DoDSON, Proprietor. 
Thi-< magnificent structure stands at the corner of Main and Granby Streets, as 
shown on page 43. The building fronts on Gnuiby Street 208 feet, has two Ls 140 and 
215 feet, one thousand guc-ts find accommodations in the present building. Two 
pas.senger eleva'ors connect the differcift floors, besides wide and easy rising stnirways 
lead from pit to roof in several parts of the house. Mr. Dodson hns made the Atlantic 
the palace hotel of the South ; certainly none in the cities of this State equal it. The 
house is furnished with gas m;ide upon the premises from a machine having capacity 
of 3,000 feet per day. Mr. Dodson was at the well known IMaltbj House, Baltimore, 
from 1856 to 1859, the Fountain from 1859, to 1869, and at the HerdicHouse, William- 
port, and Minnequa Spring, Pa., from 1869 to 1871, when he moved to Norfolk. He 
also leased the Ocean View Hotel season l)efore last. (See page 58.) 

PURCELL HOUSE, 
R. T. James, Proprietor. 
This was originally the old and popular National Hotel, distinguished for its excel- 
lence then, as it is now, although the building has been so thoroughly improved and 
altered th.it it does not resemble its former self ex^^ept in size. The changes have 
modernized and beautified it. It is today one of the best furnished and most com- 
fortable hotels anywhere, affording every convenience, while the cuisine is of the very 
best character. 5lr. 11. T. James, present proprietor, assnmed the proprietorship in the 
Fall of 1878, and under his direction the house was refarnished and fitted up. Electric 
call bells , elevators and nicely carpeted wide stairways connect the five floors. The 
house has accommodations for 250 guests, Illustrated on page 37. (See page 60.) 

JORDAN HOUSE, 
Amos P. Jordan, Proprietor. 
No. 30 Market Square, was opened Janu.ary 1st, 1878, and is conducted on the 
American and European plans. Mr. .Jordan, the proprietor, is an experienced caterer 
and he has made his house popular with a large number of people who visit the city. 
The prices of the house are low, while the table is supplied with everything in season. 
(See page 62.) 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 153 

IIYGEIA HOTEL, OLD POINT, 
H. Phoebus. 
When y>e speak of a Rummer resort we do not intend always to convey the idea that 
it is a ple:isnre or health resort, but when we mention tiie Hy{j;eia Hotel, at Old Point, 
we mean l)oth. It is also asijlendid "Winter sanitaiinm, and the house is never with- 
out a very larj^e numlier of quests, from January to December. It has 21,ono square 
feet of verandas eneirclinji tlie house, t>,OUU feet are encased in jjlass for the special use 
of quests who prefer seeing the breeze to feeling it. An illustration on page U shows 
a distant view of the hotel. (See page 59.) 

WALKE & AVILLIAMS. 
Drug-s Paints and Oils. 
This firm, composed of Dr. F. A. Walke and J. N. Williams, succeeded to the old 
established business of A. E Wilson & Co., Koanoke Avenue and Water Street, in 1874. 
The house does a large wholesale tr.ide in Virginia and North Carolina, supplying 
country, merchants and physicians with everything they need in Drugs, Paints, 
Oils, etc. (See page 81.) 

M. A. & C. A. SANTOS, 
Dkugs, Paints, Oil, Etc. 
Founded in 1819, this house is now in its fi:ird year; venerable in years, j'outhfnl in 
its vigor, maintaining its po>;ition among the leading :ind successlul enterprises of to- 
day. The large and huiulsonie store shown on page 41, corner of Main and Atlantic 
Streets, is filled with the richest anil most elegant articles usually kept in our best 
Drug Store.s. Apart from articles of a Medic il nature. Toilet and Fancy Articles in 
large variety are kept in stock and sold to the wholesale and retail trade at Northern 
or Eastern prices. The store fronts on Main 25 and on Atlantic Street 120 feet. (See 
page 82.) 

PERRY & JERNIGAN. 
Cotton Factor and Comjiission Merchant, 
Entered the commission business in May 1881, and succeeded to the firms of G. W. 
McGlauhon & C-'o., McGlauhon & Norman, McGlauhon & Perry, and J. W. Perry. 
On May 1st, 1882, T. li. Jernigan, of Hertford, N. C, became a member of the firm. 
Their warehou.se, on Tunis' Wharf, is in-close proximity to rail and water transpor- 
tation and 1,000 bales of Cotton can be easly stftred in it. Tlie sale of Cotton isaspecial 
feature of the business, which is wholly Commission. (See page 121.) 

PEARCE, ALLEN & BOPvU.M, 
Cotton Factors and Commissiun Merch.\nts. 
Messrs. S. F. Pearce, Wm. F. Allen and Jas. T. Boram, the two last named who are 
also p irtners under firm style of W. F. Allen it Co., Wholesale Grocer-s, constitute this 
firm, which was formed in 1878. The senior partner has been in the Commission busi- 
ness here 11 years. Their warehouse, including Nos. 20 and 22 Commerce Street, is 
40.x70 feet, three stories high, and supplies convenient and abundant storage. The 
house pays special attention to the sale of Cotton, Grain, Lumber, Peanuts and Pro- 
duce generally. (See page 122.) 

C. HALL WINDSOR. 

Books, Stationery, Etc. 

The assortment of goods displayed at this store exceeds in qu.ality and completeness 

that of any other in the city. The place. No. o Bank Street, is the popular resort of 

all who desire to. obtain fine Stationery, Blank Books, etc., for merchants, students or 

ladies.. (See pa^e 93.) 

NORFOLK CITY MILLS, 
Lym.vv & Co., Pkopriktors. 
This mill is located on Smith's Creek, just within the corporation limits of the city. 
It is fitted up with one 100 house power engine, 7 runs of burrs and 3 sets of rolls for 
manufacturing new process flour. Its capacity is equal to 100 barrels of flour, 500 
bushels of meal per day. This property was at one time owned by the late firm of 
George K. Goodridge & Co. The commodious warehouse of the firm is upon Hardy's 
wharf, where cargoes can be cheaply and quickly handled. Lyman & Co.'s principal 



154 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

brands of flour are the "Old Domiaiou," and " Purity," both of which equal the Minne- 
sota brands established 20 years ago. For enterprise and liberality this firm is con- 
spicuous. The Partners are N. E. Lyman, J. M. Lyman, C. G. Lyman and B. S. Cook. 
(See page 78.) 

J. Z. LOWE, 
Wholesale and Eetail Geocer, 
Occupies building southeast corner Union Street and Market Stxuare, including Nos. 1. 
3 and 5 Union Street and 13 and 15 Market Square, where he carries a tine assortment 
of Family Groceries, Ship Stores, Wines, Liquors, etc., adapted to a first class trade. 
(See page 77.) 

GEORGE TAIT, 

Seedsman. 
In the year 1869 Colonel George Tait founded the seed business which he now so 
successfully conducts at No. 7 Market Square. All seeds offered by this house are 
grown especially for it in Germany, Eagland, PYance, Canada and parts of the United 
States, all orders being given just one year in advance of delivery. Purity and vitality 
are the two chief merits claimed for Tait's seeds, atid with 33 years practical experience 
the means by which these two important elements may be secured , arc thoroughly 
understood. (See page 79.) 

JOSEPH KLEPPER, 
Rhine Wine Rooms and Summek Garden, 
This establishment. 143 and 145 Church Street, so well known to frequenters of 
local places of resort and amusement, has recently undergone many improvements. 
The main and billiard halls (the latter the best in the city), beautifully frescoed, and 
the entire premises, covering an area of 6,000 square feet, put in complete order lor the 
Summer season. The di liferent departments are connected by lattice walled walks, and 
the billiard room is so constructed that it can be closed tightly in Winter, (t its sides 
changed into lattice work in Summer. Orchestrion concerts, upon one of the finest 
instrument of its kind in the South, are given each evening, and instrumental enter- 
tainments at intervals through the week. (See page 70.) 

H. U. WOOD IS, 
Wines, Liquors, Cigars, Etc. 
At No. 8 Bank Street Mr. Woodis offers a select and elegant stock of goods, compris- 
ing the finest Imported and Domestic Wines, Liquors, Cigars, Condiments, etc. The 
place is favorably known as the " Tip-Top" Wine and Liquor Store. (See page 71.) 

JOHN VERMILLION, 

Wines, Cigars, Etc. 
The large and varied assortment of Imported Wines, Cigars, Porter, Ale, etc., kept 
in stock at the above store. No. 4 Granby Street, under the Atlantic Hotel, is of the 
best quality and manufacture. The purest goods only are kept. With a full line of 
select customers Mr. Vermillion enjoys an excellent trade. (See p;ige 71.) 

LUTHER SHELDON, 
Sash, Doors and Blinds. 
The business of this house, which was established in 1870, has grown to be very ex- 
tensiveand far-reaching. The building illastrated on inside cover, now occupied by Mr. 
Sheldon, runs from No. 49 Roanoke Avenue, through the centre of the block to 16 
West Side Market Square; contains four floors, including basement, 25x200 feet, with 
elevators, speaking tubes and jihones connecting the difi'erent stories. The establish- 
ment is the largest of its kind in this section, and it represents the controlling agencies 
of large manufacturing mills. (See inside front cover.) 

A. M. VAUGHAN & SON, 

Insurance Agents, 

Represent at their Agency, 96 Main Street, reliable Foreign, Domestic, Fire, Life and 

Marine Insurance Companies. With an established line of Insurance and perfectly 

solvent Companies, they do an extensive business. (See page 99.) 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 155 

C. T. JORDAN & BRO., 
CX.OTHING AND GlCNTS' FurxISHINGS. 

This firm, composed of C. T. and A. E. Jordan, sncceeded the original firm of C. T. 
& L. W. Jordan, at 1:74 Main Street. Beside.s carryinga tineptock of ready-made Men's 
and Childreii'.s Clothing and Gent's Furnishing Goods, the house represents the tailor- 
ing establishments of ,Je.ssnp & Co. and Devlin & Co., New York. (See page 103.) 
NOTTINGHAM c^ WRENN, 
IcK, Coal and Woon Dealers. 

The wharf known as Nottingham & Wrenn's, Atlantic City, fronts on property 
covering 5* acres, with 330 feet deej) water front and (514 feet depth, extending back to 
the bridge connecting the village of Atlantic City witli Norfolk. The premises of the 
firm, which is compo.sed of Thomas T. Nottingham and Williiim A. Wrenn, and which 
was organized in 1876, contains tl^.e very best facilities for the accommodation of their 
immense trade in Ice, Co:il and Wood. The ice house affords storage for 4,000 tons, 
and the coal yard is supplied with all gnides of Coal. Five large oyster packing houses 
stund upon this property, among them that of the Union Oyster Company, the largest 
oyster packing concern in tlie United States. Recently Messrs. Nottingham & Wrenn 
purchased a valuable piece of wharf property in Edenton, N. C, where thej' will con- 
duct the ice and coal business in all its branche*. This depot was rendered necessary 
by their largely increa.sed business with Eastern Carolina. E.xtensive buildings are 
being erected by the firm. At Nos. G'and 7 Campbell's wharf the firm has a branch 
office. (See page lIG.j 

MANEELY'S ART STUDIO. 

This studio is the recognized headquarters for fine photographic, crayon, water-color 
or india-iuk work. All the work turned out of the establishment is fi rushed in a 
manner unequalled, except by the liest artists in the country. (See page 103.) 

W. A. ANDERSON, 
Old Atlantic Foundry. 

Twelve years*ago Mr. Anderson inaugurated the business which he now so succe»8- 
fully conducts at SOCi Water Street. In 1876 he erected a substantial brick building, 
60x50 feet, fronting en a yard 75x100 feet. Adjoining the Foundry is a 30 horse-power 
engine; and the establishment engages 12 hands. The heaviest casting made here in 
1880. weighed 4,300 pounds. Mr. Anderson is now building an extensive Machine 
Shop, to be supplied with all kinds of modern machinery necessary in making Steam 
Engines, Boilers, Saw and Grist Mills, &c. (See page 107.) 

BUTT & CO., 
White Beonze Monujients. 

For memorial piirposes the material known as White Bronze is the most imperish- 
able. It approaches nearer the dark bronze of antiquity than aiiy other material. It 
is beautiful in color, will not corrode or become moss covered, and it has been known 
to stand over three hundred years. A great mistake is inade by persons who think the 
White Bronze contains iron. It is of pure zinc and other metals known only to the 
manufacturers. The designs in White Bronze can be rendered more beautiful and in 
accord with the purchasers wishes than any other, while the price is comparatively 
low. The writer of this notice knows whereof he speaks, when he declares White 
Bronze the handsomest, cheapest and most substantial substance for monuments, stat- 
uary' medallions, etc., ever used. Scientists pronounce it so, and experience has proved it 
so. ^lessrs. Butt & Co., are also agents for the Patent Combination Wrought Iron Rail- 
ings, the handsomest and most durable style of railing now in the market. (See 
page 110.) 

NORFOLK COLLEGE FOR YOUNG LADIES. 

This institution of learning was founded by a stock company of which Mr. .John L. 
Roper is President, Kader Biggs, vice President, R. II. Wynne, Secictary, and W. S. 
Wilkinson, Treasurer. It is the finst college in this section organized in the manner 
stated, and its success has been witliout a parellel in the history of Virginia colleges. 
An able corps of teachers preside over each dei)artment. The building (see illustration) 
corner of Gran1)y and Washington Streets, is both beautiful and substantial, while its 
interior, with every appliance needed in the school work, renders it ascomidete as any 
in the country. The course of .study embraces three departments, the Primary, Inter- 
mediate and Collegiate. Ample provision is made for thorough instruction in all the 
studies from the most elementary to the highest. (See page 92.) 



156 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

W. H. SMITH & SON, 
Commission Meuciiakts. 
This house is among the oldest in the city, standing among the most progressive 
and enterprising. The purchase and exportation of staves constitute a large share of 
the firms business. (See page 121.) 

W. W. GWATIIMEY & CO., 

Commission Mkuchants. 

The extensive warehouse at Town Point, known as "Gwathraey's Warehouse," is the 

property of this firm. The firm does a general commission and bonded warehouse 

business. The i>artners are W. W. Gwathmey, Chas. G. Elliott and Temple Gvvath- 

mey. (See page 122.) 

JOHN O. GAMAGE, 

Builders' Material. 
The above business was founded in 1805, when our people were just beginning to re- 
cover from the terrible effects of Avar, and it has become an established success. Mr. 
Gamage's facilities for supplying all classes of Building Material are unsurpassed. At 
his warehouse, 100 and 102 Wal;er Street, he carries a large and varied stock. (See 
page 83.) 

RAWLINS, WHITEHURST & CO, 

Ice Dealers. 
Partners, Wm. Rawlins, C. H. Whitchurst, J. M. Haynes, H. A. De Witt and Ira D. 
Sturgis. In 1869 the firm of Rawlins. Baum & Co. was organized, the present firm suc- 
ceeding to the business in 1874. Tlie three last mentioned partners look after the firm's 
business in Maine. They handle between 8,000 and 10,000 tons of Ice per season and 
ship as far South as Cuba. Their city trade requires the use of 6 wagons, and they 
make a specialty of furnishing the fisheries in this State and North Carqlina. Situated 
on Biggs' wharf, Nivison Street, conveniently to the different water and land transpor- 
tation lines their shipping facilities are unsurpassed. (See page 117.) 

J. G. TAYLOR & CO., 
Billiakd Table MAXUFACxuRiiRS, Baltimore. 
The success of this house and its rapid growth in popular favor has not been equalled 
by that of any other in the same business in the Southern States. Messrs. Taylor & 
Co.'s Billiard Tables are known and appreciated for their durability, elegance of finish, 
elasticity of cushions and general workmanship. Recently Messrs. Taylor & Co. moved 
their manufactory and salesrooms to 367 West Baltimore Street, nearly opposite the 
Eutaw House, where space and location are excellently adapted to the requirements of 
their business. (See page 100.) 

THAYER'S STABLES. 
James W. Thayek, Proprietor, 
These are the popular hiring stables of Noriblk, where can be had Horses, Buggies, 
Carriages and every description of vehicle, from the ordinary wagon to the handsomest 
and newest style Carriage. A .specialty isnuule of furnishing weddings, private par- 
ties and funerals. (Seepage 99.) 

B. TAYLOR, 

Commission Merchant. 
This house was established in 1875, and has ever since been actively engaged in the 
general shipping and commi.ssion business. The warheouse, on Higgin's wharf haa 
storage capacity for 1,000 bales of cotton, while the wharf room can conveniently hold 
20,000 shingles. The steamer "Lucy," which runs to all points on Roanoke River, is 
owned and operated by Mr. Taylor. (See page 135.) 

G. & R. BARRETT. 
Wholesale Grocers. 
This firm began business in 1871, beginning on Dinwiddie Street, Ports- 
mouth, and on .January 1st, 1882. the business was removed to the extensive ware- 
house corner of Water Street and Boanoke Square, Norfolk. This warehouse is four 
stories high, has extensive fronts on both avenues, and contains a wella.ssorted stock of 
groceries adapted to the jobbing trade. The partners are George H. and Robert H. 
Barrett. (See page 76.) 



ITS PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES AND TRADES. 157 

THE BERGNER & ENGEL BREWING CO. OF PHILADELPHIA. 

This company, with one exception, the larjiest in the world, in 1881, e.stablished a 
supply depot on Madison Street, near Clyde Line wharves, where was erected a well 
appointed Ice House, with ca))aeity lor storing between 4U0 and 500 barrels ol" beer, 
retjuiring the constant use of 200 tons of ice. All of the Clyde steamers contain ice 
boxes built expressly for tran.sjKnting theBergner & Eniiel Company's beer. This city 
is the supply point for Eastern Virginia, and a large part of the South-east. Mr. F. W. 
Adams, the energetic and well known man.agerof this department, who.se office adjoins 
the Refrigerator depot, looks after the company's business in this .section. The sales 
of the company in 1882, will probably reach 200,000 barrels. (See page 70.) 

W. B. ROGERS & CO , 
Furniture Dealers. 
This well known and reliable house began business at Johnson's Hall, 184 and 186 
Main Street, September 1st, ISSO. The building is one of the largest and most im- 
posing in tiiecitj^, being 60x180 feet square. The principal salesroom the largest in the 
South, is (50x90 feet, 88 feet pitch, with a wide balcony encircling it. The ceilings and 
walls are handsomely frescoed. An upper warerooni is 60x30 feet. The entire shipping 
and receiving is done from the rear entrance of the establishment. The stock of the 
house is of the finest quality, while the prices are guaranteed as low as those of any 
other first-class establishment. The partners are Col. Wm. B. Rogers and V. Paul Jor- 
dan. (See page 67.) 

P. WILLS, 
Fine Boots and Shoes. 
Began the present business, No. 84 Main Street, Academy of Music Building, Decem- 
ber 3rd, 1881 . A branch store for the sale of cheaper goods has been opened at No. 266 
Church .Street. The stock comprises every variety and grade, especial attention being 
paid to ladies and misses fine goods. (See page 89.) 

WEBB, JETT & COX, 
Drugs, Paints, Oils, &c. 
This firm was organized under the style of Webb & Jett, August 1st, 1881, and on 
February 15th, 1882, Mr. W. W. Cox was admitted to an interest and the firm name 
changed to its present style. Their stock is large and varied, consisting of Drugs, 
Paints, Oils, Glass, Toilet Articles, &c., a specialty, being made of New Jersey en- 
ameled paint, conceded to be without an equal They are also agents for Powell's Pre- 
pared Chemicals, for fertilizing purposes. The partners are R. W. Webb, Jetson Jett 
and W. W. Cox. (See page 82.) 

C. H. N. MASON, 
Paper Warehouse. 
This house, the only one dealing exclusively in paper, was established at No. 19 
Main Street, about June 15th, 1881. The warerooms contain a full line of wrapping 
and printers papers, fancy papers, bags, stationery, &c. The agencies for Pennsylvania 
Pulp and Paper Company, which turns out from 15 to20 tons of paper per day, and the 
Acme Blank Book Factory, the reputation of which extends all over the country. Mr. 
Mason is the first to successfully engage in this particular line of business in the city, 
and he caters expressively for the wholesale trade, making a specialty of roll paper, 
which is especially adapted to building purposes, being a substitute for plaster. He 
does an cxstensive business, and besides the agencies enumerated, he represents the 
famous Manilla Paper Manufacturers, D. P. Walton & Co., of New York. (See page 102.) 

OCEAN VIEW, 
The Coney Island of Virginia. 
This delightful Summer resort, where old ocean beats with force upon a firm sand 
beach, and where the finest, most palatable fish in tiie world are caught within astones 
throw of the doors; with its extensive and delightful surroundings, is again open for 
the accommodation of those who seek health or pleasure during the Summer months. 
The management is under Mr. J. A. Kennedy, whose proprietorship last season estab- 
lished for Ocean View a reputation which drew patrons from all parts of the country. 
With every facility and luxury of afirst-class city hotel, it enjoys the additional advan- 
tage of being directly upon the beach, where the cooling ocean breezes render the warmest 



158 NORFOLK AS A BUSINESS CENTRE; 

days refreshing and invigorating. A ride of twenty minutes carries one to or from the 
city, the distance being eight miles, with regular trains every two hours. The rooms 
at Ocean View are airy and elegantly furnished, while the appointments of the whole 
house are of the best character; while the rates are as reasonable as tliose of any first- 
class watering place in this State. In local parlance, Ocean View is termed the "Coney 
Island" of Virginia. (See page 61.) 

HANNAN & KELLY, 
Sale and Commission Stables. 
These stables, located at Nos. 40, 42 and 44, Union, and No. 64 Church Streets, are 
the largest in Easiern Virginia, and the proprietors, Messrs. William Hannan 
and John Kelly, are the recognized leaders in their branch of business. They make 
a specialty of Northern and Western stock, which they sell at private sale. The 
stables are two story and easily accommodate 300 head of horses. (See page 99.) 

NORFOLK AND VIRGINIA BEACH RAILROAD AND IMPROVEMENT CO. 
Commodore Marshall Parks, President. 

This Cf mpanv, incorporated by the Legislature of Virginia, January, 1882, is mak- 
ing'surveys and plans for the construction of a narrow-gauge railway from Norfolk 
to the sea beach, some six miles below Cape Henry and seventeen miles from Norfolk. 
The Seaside Hotel and Land Company have purchased nine farms, embracing a terri- 
tory some five and a half miles in extent, comprising the finest farms in that section, 
and a sea beach that cannot be excelled on the Atlantic coast. The lands are highly 
productive and furnish all that is required lor man or beast. In the rear of these 
farms are the waters of Lynnhaven, celebrated for oysters and fish. 

The property purchased contains several thousand acres and is being laid out into 
streets, squares and parks, and as the frontage on the Atlantic is over five miles in 
extent, ample room will be found for all who may desire to build hotels, cottages, etc. 
The railroad will be seventeen miles long, over a level country and nearly straight. 
Passenger trains will reach tlie beach in thirty minutes or less from Norfolk. Parties 
who may wish to obtain lots for cottages, hotels or club-houses, may address the 
president. (See page 146.) 



NOTE^For corporations and firms not mentioned here see general index. 



EATON & BURNETT, 
Business College, Baltimore. 

This institution stands at the head of the list of business colleges in the United 
States, where the most thorough training in mathematics, penmanship and all depart- 
ments of bookkeeping, qualifies the student for an active career in the marts of trade 
and finance. Prof Burnett, the senior principal, has spent many years in training the 
young men of the South, and throughout the country may be found business men of 
prominence, who have graduated under his care. As a penman. Prof E. Burnett, is 
without a rival. 

Mr. Eaton, a gentlemair of acknowledged ability as an instructor, is Prof. Burnett's 
partner— princii)al, and with him superintends the operations of the college, corner 
of Baltimore and Charles Streets. (See back cover.) 

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. 
The session of this institution begins on the first of October, and continues until the 
Thursday before the fourth day of July ensuing. (See page 91.) 

SOUTHERN SHIRT MANUFACTORY, 
R. H. Anderson & Co., Richmond, Va. 
This business was established in 1876. Only skilful cutters and operatives, who are 
thoroughly experienced in their respective departments are employed, while the entire 
work, from preparing the crude goods to finishing, is done under the supervision of the 
proprietors. The principal room used by the firm is the finest in the city, devoted to 
commercial purposes, being 60x65 square and 25 feet pitch. Wamsutta, G. B. Langhorn, 
Utica Nonperiel Cottons, and the best grades of linens direct importation are used in 
manufacturing. (See page 102.) 



ITS PRIKCIPAL INDUSTRIES AKD TRADES. 159 

THE UNITED STATES MERCANTILE REPOKTINC AND COLLECTION AS- 
SOCIATION. 

The Association, founded by the leading Manufactnrer.s, hnporters and Jobbers of 
Now York, has firadually grown until its corrospoiidcuts or oflices are in every post 
office or city in the United States. Its system of collections and reports are original 
with the Secretary and Manager, Mr. William Gregory Jones, whose headquarters are 
at No. 335 Broadway, New York. (See page 115.) 

BOSTON BELTING CO.. 

MANUFACTUKEKS OF RUBBER GOODS, BOSTON, MASS. 

The Boston Belting Co., is the oldest and by far the largest company in the United 
States, devoted to the manufacture of Rul)ber Goods. It was incorporated in 1845, 
and at various mechanical exhibitions held in this country the merits of its goods have 
invnriably secured for them the highest awards by medal or diploma. The specialties 
of the company are too numerous to mention here, but they include every article made 
of rubber for mechanical uses. The officers of tlie company are; E. S. Converse, 
President- Wm 11. Farber, Treasurer and General Manager; J. B. Forsyth, Manulac- 
turing Agent, with principal offices 222 to 226 Devonshire Street, Boston, and 70 Reade 
and 112 Duane Streets, New York. (See page 101.) 

H. M. SMITH & CO., RICHMOND, VA, 

This old house continues in the front rank in the agricultural implement line. It 
was established in 1829, and has maintained its position as the leading one in the South 
in the implement trade. They have just issued their catalogue for 1882, a mammoth 
pamphlet of 200 pages. This increase in the size of their catalogue is necessitated by 
the constant! y increasing stock and variety of goods. They have recently added Steam 
Engines and Saw Mills, Grist Mills, and Cotton Gins, to their farmer variety, and have 
increased their line of Farm and Freight Wagons. In this line they represent the cele- 
brated Studebaker Bros., Mitchel, Lewis & Co., and I>isto Bros., three of the largest 
Wa'^on Manufacturing firms in the world. All goods bought of this house may be 
depended upon to be exactly as represented. The firm consists of H. M. Smith, the 
founder of the business, I. S. Tower and J. T. Smith. The two younger partners have 
been with the house since 1858. Of all the firms in the South in their line, Messrs. H. 
M Smith & Co., are regarded the most progressive and enterprising. Their goods are 
known and appreciated lor their merit, and they are used in almost every agricultural 
community South of Maryland. (See page 111.) 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Page 

Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal 17 | 

Atlantic Coast Line 26 | 

Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio R. R... 2<^ 
Asssociated Railways of Virginia and 

the Carolinas 54,55 

Baltimore Steam Racket Company 1'25 

Banks and Bankers 62, 63 

Bay Line 20 

Boots and Shoes 88 

Books and Stationery. 91 

Builders' Material 83 

Business Exchange 16 

Canals 1^ 

Canton Inside Line -. 125 

Channel Approaches 8 

Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad 29,30 

City Finances 48 

Clearing House 63 

Clyde Lines 20, 126 

Coal, Wood and Ice Dealers 115 

Comparison of Cotton Markets 130 

Commission 118, 121 

Consolidation of Municipalities 46, 48 

Corn 11 

Cotton 13, 14, 118, 121 

Cotton Compresses 36 

Cotton Exchange 15 

Cotton Factory 38 

Directions for getting Staves and Head- 
ings ll'*^ 

Dismal Swamp Canal 9, 17, 18 

Dismal Swamp Canal Steamers 127 

Drainage 44 

Drugs, Paints and Oils 81 

Elizabeth City and Norfolk R. R 28, 29 

Exports 11, 12, 83, 86 

Exports by articles and values, 17 

years 85,86 

Fertilizers 94, 95 

Fire Deparment 42 

Flour and Grist Mills 77 

Foreign Trade 11, 12, 83, 86 

Furniture, Carpets and Pianos 66,67 

Groceries 71, 72 

Hampton 45 

Hampton Normal School 45 

Hampton Roads 8,9 

Health 42, 43 

Hollies, The 31 

Hotels 57 

llygeia Hotel 45 



Immigration to Virginia 12, 13 

" and Mining Bureau N. & 

W. R. R 24 

Immigration along the Associated 

Railways 54, 55 

Imports 12 

Inland and Seaboard Coasting Co 126 

Ironworks 106, 107 

Jefferson's prediction 16 

Labor 39 

Leading Business Houses. 148, 159 

McCullough Improvement.. 37 

Merchants' and Miners' Transportation 

Company 20, 124, 125 

Marine Railways 106, 107 

Newport's News 19 

Norfolk as a Summer Resort 44, 45 

" created aTown 7 

" " Borough 7 

" " City 8 

•' Delegates to Atlanta 15, 36 

" Geographically 8 

" Harbor 8,33,35 

'■ in Mourning 48, 50 

" and Petersburg Railroad 10, 20 

" Terminal Co. 24,26 

" and Virginia Beach R. R 31, 33 

" and Western Railroad 21 

" and Western R. R. Terminal 

Improvements 22 

" and Western R. II. Connec- 
tions 22,23 

North Carolina Lines 127 

Ocean View 44 

Railroad 31 

Old Dominion Steamship Co 19, 123 

Original Boundaries of Norfolk 8 

Oysters 40,41 

Parks 45, 46 

Peanuts 39,40,98, 99 

Population 8 

Potomac Steamboat Co 126 

Railroads 20, 23 

Railroad, Steamboat and Machinists' 

Supplies 89 

Receipts of Cotton, 22 years 119 

Revival of Business in 1»65 11 

Roanoke,Norfolk and Baltimore Steam- 
Boat Co 127 

Seaboard Air Line 26, 28 



Indf.x. 



161 



Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad '2(> 

" " " Termi- 
nal Improvements "26 

Seedsmen 78 

Shenandoah Valley Railroad 21 

Sliippinj^ ..10,14 

Ship Buihlinjj; fi 

Site for Norfolk selected (> 

Soldiers' Home 45 

Staves 12, 112, li:{ 

Steam Bakeries 79 

Steamship Lines 18, 20, 122, 123, 127 

Taylor's Roanoke River Line 127 



Timber and J>umber 14 

Valentine's Meat .Juice Works. 5G, 57 

Village of "Chesapik" r> 

Virginia Beach 44 

Virginia Steamboat Co 126 

Virginia, Tenn. & (ia. Air Line 23, 25 

Water Sui)ply 38,39, 42 

^\est India Trade 11 

Wharf Improvements 36 

Wines and Li(juors 69 

Yellow Fever of 1855 10 

Yorlvtown Centenuial 48,51 



INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Academy and Library Building 23 

Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal Lock 53 

Atlantic Hotel 43 

Bank of Commerce 51 

Brickhouse, S. N. & Co.'s 51 

Butt's, J. M .- 36 

Citizens' Bank 34 

City Hall and Courthouse 31 

Commerce St., Water to Main Sts 51 

Disciples' Church 19 

Dutch Gap Canal 13 

Exchange National Bank 21 

Fight between the Merrimacand Moni- 
tor 11 

Harbor 29, 30 

Home Savings' Bank 32 

Hospital St. Vincent de Paul 27 

Hygeia Hotel, Old Point 9 

Main St., N. side, Bank to Atlantic 34 

Main St., N. side, Atlantic to Commerce 33 

Marine Bank 34 

Norfolk College for Young Ladies... inset 



Page 

Norfolk Telephone Exchange Hi 

Norfolk Steam, Bakery — James Keid 

& Co 35 

Post Office 7 

Powell, E.T.& Son's 51 

Power, .Tames & Co.'s , 40 

Public Ledger 34 

Parcell House. 37 

Ruins of old Church at Jamestown... 15 

Santos, M. A.&C. A 41 

Seaboard Cotton Press 25 

Sheldon, Lutlier inside front cover 

St. Mary's Church 49 

St. Paul's Church 38 

Steven.s, S. A. <.t Co.'s 39 

U. S. Custom House 7 

U.S. Naval Hospital 17 

Virginian Building and Departments 

...inset 

Washington Steamers Wharf (iO 

Webb, Jett & Cox's 3() 

Yorktown Centennial Arch 47 



INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Page 

Allen, W. F 69 

Allen, W. F. & Co 76 

Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal Co..l34 

Anderson, R. H. & Co. — Richmond 102 

Associated Railways of Virginia and 

the Carolinas 141,145 

Atlantic (The Great) Coast Line 139 

Atlantic Hotel, R.S. Dodson 58 

Baltimoi'e >team Packet Co. Bay Line.129 

Bank (The i of Commerce 63 

Barrett, G. & R 76 

Bellamy Gallery 147 



Page 

Bergner & Engel Brewing Co 70 

Borland & Brooke 94 

Bo.ston Belting Co 101 

Boston and Providence Steamship Co..l32 

Brickhouse, Smith N. & Co 88 

Butt & Co 110 

Butt, James M 90 

Canton Inside Line 129 

Citizens' (The) Bank 66 

Clyde's Steam Lines 128 

Davis, M. L. T. & Co 75 

Dismal Swamp Canal Co 130 



162 



Index. 



Page 

Dismal Swamp Canal Steamers 130 

Eaton & Burnett's Business College, 

Baltimore back outside page of cover 

Elizabeth City and Norfolk Railroad..l47 

Exchange (The) National Bank 64 

Elizabeth Iron Works, C. W. Pettit...ll2 
Freeman, Lloj^l, Mason & Drj'den .. .. 96 

Gamage, JohnO 83 

Graves, W. A 108 

Gwathmej, W. W. & Co 122 

Hannan& Kelly 99 

Harnianson & Heath . 94 

Home (The) Savings Bank 65 

Hygeia Hotel, Old Point, H. Phoebus. 59 
Immigration Bureau Aassociated Rail- 
ways 141,145. 

Inland Seaboard Coasting Co 132 

Jordan, C.T.& Bro 103 

Jordan House, Amos P. Jordan 62 

Klepper Joseph 70 

Lowe, John Z 77 

Marine (The) Bank 65 

Maneely, H.F 103 

Mason, C. II. N 102 

Merchants' and Miners' Trans. Co ....148 

Myers & Co 87 

Norfolk as a Business Centre (adv.). ..147 

Norfolk City Mills, Lyman & Co 78 

Norfolk College for Young Ladies 92 

Norfolk (The) Landmark — Landmark 

Pub. Co 104 

Norfolk Iron Works — Geo. W. Duval 

& Co 108 

Norfolk Steam Bakery — James Reid 

&Co 80 

Norfolk Sunday Gazette 105 

Norfolk and Virginia Beach Railroad 

and Improvement Co 146 

Norfolk (The) Virginian — M. Glennan 

inset 
Norfolk (The) & Western Railroad.... 136 
Norfolk (The) & Western Railroad 

Ticket OflQce 138 

North Carolina Steam Lines 135 

Nottingham & Wrenn 116 

Ocean View Hotel, J. A. Kennedy 61 

Old Atlantic Foundry, W. A. Ander- 
son 107 

Old Dominion Steamship Company. ..131 



Page 

Pearce, Allen & Borum 122 

Perry & Jernigau 121 

Peters & Reed 114 

Portsmouth (The) Daily Times 106 

Portsmouth (The) Enterprise 105 

Powell, E. T. & Son 73, 74 

Potomac Steamboat Co 132 

Power, James & Co 109 

Public (The) Ledger 103 

Purcell House, R. T. James r 60 

Rawlins, Whitehurst & Co 117 

Reid, Chas. & Son 97 

Reynolds Bros 87 

Roanoke, Norfolk & Baltimore Steam- 
boat Co 138 

Rogers, Wm.B. & Co 67 

Santos, M. A. & C. A 82 

Seaboard Air Line 140 

Sheldon, Luther inside front cover 

Smith, H. M. & Co Ill 

Stevens, S. A. & Co 68 

Tait, George 79 

Taylor's Roanoke River Line 135 

Taylor, B 135 

Taylor, J. G. & Co.— Baltimore 100 

Thayer, James W 99 

Tidewater (The) Times 106 

United States Mercantile, Reporting 

and Collection Association 115 

University of Virginia ... 91 

Vaughan, A. IVf . & Son 99 

Vermillion, .Tohn 71 

Virginia (The) Granger 105 

Virginia Steamboat Co — James River 

Line 133 

Virginia, Tennessee and Georgia Air- 
Line 137 

Walke & Williams 81 

Washington Steamers 132 

Webb, Jett & Cox.. 82 

White Bronze Monuments 110 

White & Garnett.. 94 

White E. V. & Co inside back cover 

Wills, P 89 

Williams, T. A. & Dickson 72 

Windsor, C.Hall 93 

Woodis, H. R 71 

Woodhouse, H. F 94 



Mr 



E. V. WHITE, 1 

CHAS. SCHROEDER. j 



{Consulting and 
Marine Engineers. 



E. Y. WHITE & CO. 

MANUFACTURERS' AG-ENTS, 

mnnf 



ILil 




LSTfiilMiimilS, 



IRON, STEEL, OILS, PAINTS | CORDAGE, 

STEAM ENGINES. BOILERS, TOOLS and MACHINERY, BELTING, PACKING, LACE LEATHER, 

COPPER RIVETS AND BURS, GUM AND LEATHER HOSE, 

WROUGHT IRON PIPE AND FITTINGS. 

(JLOni': VALVKS, STEAM COCKS, WHISTLES, OIL CUPS, AVASTE, FILES, LAMPS, LANTERNS 
WHITE AXU RED LEAD, BOLTS, NUTS AND WASHERS. 





Manilla § Tarred Rigging, Cordage, Tar, 

Pitch, Rosin, Oakum and Turpentine^ 

SHIP'S BLOCKS, 

Paint Oils and Paint Brushes, 
LANTERNS. SIDE AND BOW LIGHTS. &C. 

(NEAR FERRY WHARF.) 

NORFOLK, VA. 



The Live Business TRAit(iNG School, 




ENDORSED BY 

Prominent Business Men, Merchants, Bankers, 
Patrons, Graduates and Students. 

liocatioii, Hall.s, Class-Rooms, Teiitilatioii, 

Ltfight ^ Heutiii}; Apparatus, Uncqiialed 

in JBaltiiuore. 

Teaghei|s of Acknowledged Ability, Zeal ahd PEijSEVEiiyiNCE 

AT THE HEAD OF DEPARTMENTS OF 

Practical Penmanship, Bnsiness Aritlmictic, 

Practical Booklceoping, Business Correspondence, 
Commercial Law, Rapid Calculations, 
Business Practice, Practical Grammar, Spelling, &c. 

. — « 

The School is under the constant management and super- 
vision of the Principals, who have spared no expense or labor to 
place it at the head of Business Schools in this country. It solicits 
an examination of its superior facilities, and comparison with 
any school. Its high reputation will be sustained by increased 
advantages the present year. Please call or send for circular 
before deciding to go elsewhere. 

Address, EATON & BURNETT, 
N. E. Cor. Baltimore and Charles Streets, 

Baltimore, Md. 



1 



